110
WILLIAM MACRAE
Queensland ; R. apiculata from Malaya throughout South East Asia to
India and Ceylon and to north Queensland. R. apiculata is more
tolerant of fresh water than the others. In Malaya and the northern
part of the Indo-Australian archipelago R. stylosa appears to be
restricted to shores in the shelter of coral reefs, and those are often
sandy. In Australia and southern New Guinea it occurs in the muddy
soils which, elsewhere, are colonized by R. mucronata. All may produce
tall graceful trees and grow a t several levels from areas flooded at all
FIG. 23. Regeneration in a forest of R. apiculata, south of Ranong, trees of R. apiculata
up to 40 cm in diameter and 35 m tall. Some of the slender trees me of Ceriops spp.
(February 1967).
high tides upwards to those which are only flooded occasionally. I n
some rhizophora forests undergrowth is rare and then usually of
saplings of Rhixophora. I n others, such as the majority of virgin
rhizophora forests in South East Asia and the adjoining islands, there
is a copious undergrowth of Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Bruguiera.
cylindrica and B. parvi$ora, the first and last being the commonest. All
these trees form an understorey reaching some 15-20 m tall in these
conditions.
As much as two-thirds of the mangal in Sandakan Bay (Sabah,
formerly North Borneo) may be occupied by extensive forests of R.
apiculata. Along the west coast of peninsular Thailand, just south of
the Burma border, some areas are occupied by extensive forests of
WILLIAM MACRAE
Queensland ; R. apiculata from Malaya throughout South East Asia to
India and Ceylon and to north Queensland. R. apiculata is more
tolerant of fresh water than the others. In Malaya and the northern
part of the Indo-Australian archipelago R. stylosa appears to be
restricted to shores in the shelter of coral reefs, and those are often
sandy. In Australia and southern New Guinea it occurs in the muddy
soils which, elsewhere, are colonized by R. mucronata. All may produce
tall graceful trees and grow a t several levels from areas flooded at all
FIG. 23. Regeneration in a forest of R. apiculata, south of Ranong, trees of R. apiculata
up to 40 cm in diameter and 35 m tall. Some of the slender trees me of Ceriops spp.
(February 1967).
high tides upwards to those which are only flooded occasionally. I n
some rhizophora forests undergrowth is rare and then usually of
saplings of Rhixophora. I n others, such as the majority of virgin
rhizophora forests in South East Asia and the adjoining islands, there
is a copious undergrowth of Ceriops tagal, C. decandra, Bruguiera.
cylindrica and B. parvi$ora, the first and last being the commonest. All
these trees form an understorey reaching some 15-20 m tall in these
conditions.
As much as two-thirds of the mangal in Sandakan Bay (Sabah,
formerly North Borneo) may be occupied by extensive forests of R.
apiculata. Along the west coast of peninsular Thailand, just south of
the Burma border, some areas are occupied by extensive forests of