32
CARL J. SINDERMANN
of marine fishes by larval nematodes is a matter of serious concern in
many parts of the world. Adult nematodes, inhabitants of the digestive
tract, occur in many species of marine fish, but appear to do less
damage to the host. Among those that might be mentioned, Camellnnus
m,elanocephalus (Rud.) occurs in the stomach and pyloric caeca of tuna
and mackerel, and Proleptua obtusus Duj. occurs in sharks.
4. Acanth.ocephnla
The " spiny headed " worms are represented as adults and as larvae
in marine fishes. A common parasite of North Atlantic species is the
acanthocephalan Echin.orhynchus gndi Muller. It has been reported
(Linton, 1933) from the digestive tract of 54 fish species in the Woods
Hole region. The worm occurs in Macrozoarcm avraericnnus in the
western North Atlantic (Nigrelli, 1946) and in Zoarces viviparus (L.)
from the English coast (Nicoll, 1907) and the Baltic (Markowski, 1939).
It is circumpolar in dist,ributJion ; having been found in diverse tJeleosts
from northwestern Canada, Bering Sea, Kamchatka Peninsula and
Japan, as well as from the Baltic Sea, White Sea, Murman coast,
North Sea and Gulf of Maine (Dollfus, 1953). Another common acanthocephalan from the North American coast is Telosentis tenuicornis
(Linton), found in a wide range of marine fish, including spot,
Leiostornus xanthurus Lacepkde (Huizinga and Haley, 1962), Atlantic
croaker, Micropogon undulotus, and Atlantic threadfin, Polyda.cty1us
octonemus (Oirard) (Chandler, 193Fib) and the sand seatrout, Cynoscion
arenccrus Ginsburg, and pigfish, Orthopristis chrysopterus (L.) (Bullock,
1957).
Pom,phorh,ynchus lnevis (Miiller) is a commoii parasite of many
European marine fishes, including gadoids, flatfishes and eels. It may
occur in great numbers in the gut or it may penetrate the gut wall and
encyst in the viscera (Wurnibach, 1937 ; Shulman, 1959).
Larval acanthocephala are common in the viscera of many marine
teleosts but have not been reported in the epizoobic proportions
occasionally seen in fresh water-for example, several species, including
Corynosomn semervne (Forssell), Corynosoina strumosum (Rud. ) and
Rolbosomcc vnsculosum (Rud.) occur as adults in fish-eating birds and
mammals, and as larvae in mesenteries and viscera of many species of
sea fishes.
B. Parnsitic cop~pods
Marine fishes are parasitized by a variety of copepods, of which
several members of the families Lernaeoceridae, Pennellidae and
Sphyriidae are particularly injurious to the host. Usually the adult
CARL J. SINDERMANN
of marine fishes by larval nematodes is a matter of serious concern in
many parts of the world. Adult nematodes, inhabitants of the digestive
tract, occur in many species of marine fish, but appear to do less
damage to the host. Among those that might be mentioned, Camellnnus
m,elanocephalus (Rud.) occurs in the stomach and pyloric caeca of tuna
and mackerel, and Proleptua obtusus Duj. occurs in sharks.
4. Acanth.ocephnla
The " spiny headed " worms are represented as adults and as larvae
in marine fishes. A common parasite of North Atlantic species is the
acanthocephalan Echin.orhynchus gndi Muller. It has been reported
(Linton, 1933) from the digestive tract of 54 fish species in the Woods
Hole region. The worm occurs in Macrozoarcm avraericnnus in the
western North Atlantic (Nigrelli, 1946) and in Zoarces viviparus (L.)
from the English coast (Nicoll, 1907) and the Baltic (Markowski, 1939).
It is circumpolar in dist,ributJion ; having been found in diverse tJeleosts
from northwestern Canada, Bering Sea, Kamchatka Peninsula and
Japan, as well as from the Baltic Sea, White Sea, Murman coast,
North Sea and Gulf of Maine (Dollfus, 1953). Another common acanthocephalan from the North American coast is Telosentis tenuicornis
(Linton), found in a wide range of marine fish, including spot,
Leiostornus xanthurus Lacepkde (Huizinga and Haley, 1962), Atlantic
croaker, Micropogon undulotus, and Atlantic threadfin, Polyda.cty1us
octonemus (Oirard) (Chandler, 193Fib) and the sand seatrout, Cynoscion
arenccrus Ginsburg, and pigfish, Orthopristis chrysopterus (L.) (Bullock,
1957).
Pom,phorh,ynchus lnevis (Miiller) is a commoii parasite of many
European marine fishes, including gadoids, flatfishes and eels. It may
occur in great numbers in the gut or it may penetrate the gut wall and
encyst in the viscera (Wurnibach, 1937 ; Shulman, 1959).
Larval acanthocephala are common in the viscera of many marine
teleosts but have not been reported in the epizoobic proportions
occasionally seen in fresh water-for example, several species, including
Corynosomn semervne (Forssell), Corynosoina strumosum (Rud. ) and
Rolbosomcc vnsculosum (Rud.) occur as adults in fish-eating birds and
mammals, and as larvae in mesenteries and viscera of many species of
sea fishes.
B. Parnsitic cop~pods
Marine fishes are parasitized by a variety of copepods, of which
several members of the families Lernaeoceridae, Pennellidae and
Sphyriidae are particularly injurious to the host. Usually the adult