4
CARL J. SINDERMANN
included in more recent papers. For such parasite groups as the haemogregarines, the monogenetic trematodes, the cestodes, the nematodes,
or the parasitic copepods, the consideration in this paper therefore
represents only a tiny, but hopefully a representative, fraction of the
whole.
Diseases of estuarine and anadromous species are included, as well
as those of species that are strictly marine, except that treatment of
anadromous fishes is limited to situations where the pathogen or
parasite is of marine origin. Diseases of fishes from saline inland seas
have been considered, since many of the hosts and their parasites are
of marine origin. Many of the diseases discussed are characteristic of
inshore or estuarine waters, where abnormal conditions are more
readily noted and examined than in the open sea. Fish carcasses
washed up on beaches or floating in shoals near shore are much more
likely to elicit action, scientific or otherwise, than would similar events
a hundred miles from shore. Also, scientific studies of marine animals
in the past have often varied inversely with distance from the shore.
As a result, much of the world literature on fish diseases concerns
inshore events.
11. MICROBIAL DISEASES
Included in the category of “ microbial diseases ”, and aggregated
here largely for convenience, are those of viral, bacterial, fungal and
protozoal etiology. They include the infectious diseases of fishes,
caused by parasites capable of destruction of host tissue and multiplication within the fish. Resultant pathology and the course of disease
may depend on such factors as infective dose, virulence and resistance
of the individual host animal as well as host nutrition and other
environmentally influenced variables (Snieszko, 1957a, 1964). The
disease condition may range from chronic to acute, with varying degrees
of host response.
A. 8 ’
truses
Virus diseases of marine fishes, although not unknown, are not
reported abundantly in the scientific literature. Much of this lack of
knowledge probably stems from the absence, until recently, of adequate
techniques for study. With the successful establishment of fish cells
in culture (Wolf and Dunbar, 1957 ; Clem et al., 1961 ; Wolf and Quimby,
1962), a most important tool has become available, and understanding
of the role of viruses in marine fish populations should increase greatly
in the next decade. Viruses are best known in marine fishes as suspected
or known etiological agents of several neoplastic, hyperplastic and
CARL J. SINDERMANN
included in more recent papers. For such parasite groups as the haemogregarines, the monogenetic trematodes, the cestodes, the nematodes,
or the parasitic copepods, the consideration in this paper therefore
represents only a tiny, but hopefully a representative, fraction of the
whole.
Diseases of estuarine and anadromous species are included, as well
as those of species that are strictly marine, except that treatment of
anadromous fishes is limited to situations where the pathogen or
parasite is of marine origin. Diseases of fishes from saline inland seas
have been considered, since many of the hosts and their parasites are
of marine origin. Many of the diseases discussed are characteristic of
inshore or estuarine waters, where abnormal conditions are more
readily noted and examined than in the open sea. Fish carcasses
washed up on beaches or floating in shoals near shore are much more
likely to elicit action, scientific or otherwise, than would similar events
a hundred miles from shore. Also, scientific studies of marine animals
in the past have often varied inversely with distance from the shore.
As a result, much of the world literature on fish diseases concerns
inshore events.
11. MICROBIAL DISEASES
Included in the category of “ microbial diseases ”, and aggregated
here largely for convenience, are those of viral, bacterial, fungal and
protozoal etiology. They include the infectious diseases of fishes,
caused by parasites capable of destruction of host tissue and multiplication within the fish. Resultant pathology and the course of disease
may depend on such factors as infective dose, virulence and resistance
of the individual host animal as well as host nutrition and other
environmentally influenced variables (Snieszko, 1957a, 1964). The
disease condition may range from chronic to acute, with varying degrees
of host response.
A. 8 ’
truses
Virus diseases of marine fishes, although not unknown, are not
reported abundantly in the scientific literature. Much of this lack of
knowledge probably stems from the absence, until recently, of adequate
techniques for study. With the successful establishment of fish cells
in culture (Wolf and Dunbar, 1957 ; Clem et al., 1961 ; Wolf and Quimby,
1962), a most important tool has become available, and understanding
of the role of viruses in marine fish populations should increase greatly
in the next decade. Viruses are best known in marine fishes as suspected
or known etiological agents of several neoplastic, hyperplastic and