REVIEW OF THE SYSTEMATICS AND ECOLOGY OX OCEANIC SQUIDS
127
(Fig. 13). It has been found in the Kara Sea (Kondakov, 1937), Barents
Sea (Grimpe, 1925), off the Murmansk Coast in the White Sea (Herzenstein, 1885; Ostroumoff, 1896; Knipowitsch, 1901; North Cape of
Norway (Lannberg, 1891), Finmark (Loven, 1846; Sars, 1878) all along
the west Norwegian coast (LovBn, 1846; Sars, 1878; Ldnnberg,l891;
Grieg, 1914,1933b; Nordgird, 1923), in the North Sea (Herklots, 1859;
Pelseneer, 1882 ; Lameere, 1893 ; Hoek, 1893 ; Hoyle, 1902 ; Tesch,
1908 ; Pfeffer, 1912 ; Grimpe, 1925 ; Tinbergen 1928 ; Gyngell, 1929 ;
Hertling, 1929; Kaas, 1939; Kaas et al., 1940), in the Kattegat and
Skaggerak (LovBn, 1846 ; Posselt, 1889 ; Ldnnberg, 1891), extreme
southern Baltic (Jaeckel, 1937), around the British Isles (Roper, 1883;
McIntosh, 1907, 1927; Pawsey, et al., 1920; Ritchie, 1920a; Storrow,
1922; Massy, 1928a; Stevenson, 1935; Clarke and Stevenson, 1935;
Stephen, 1937, 1944; Elmhirst, 1938; Gillespie, 1953; Rae et al., 1957;
Rae and Lamont, 1963), Iceland (Steenstrup, 1880; Posselt, 1890b;
Bardarson, 1919; Grimpe, 1925, 1933; Adam, 1939b; Fridriksson, 1943;
Bruun, 1945), Faroes (Landt, 1800; Miirch, 1867; Steenstrup, 1880;
Posselt, 1890; Pfeffer, 1912; Nielsen, 1930; Stephen, 1944), west coast
of France (Fischer, 1867; Lafont, 1869, 1871; Joubin, 1893; Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1925; Bouxin and Legendre, 1936), Portugal (Joubin,
1920; Magaz, 1934), north Spain (Quirbs, 1922), Azores (Girard, 1890a,
1892), Madeira (Girard, 1892; Rees and Maul, 1956; Clarke, 1963),
the Canaries (Clarke, unpublished), in the eastern North Atlantic well
away from land (Joubin, 1895b, 1924), western Mediterranean (Cantraine, 1841; Chiaje, 1841; VBrany, 1851; Risso, 1854; TargioniTozzetti, 1869b; Brazier, 1892s; Joubin, 1893a, 1894c, 1920; Jat,ta,
1896; Bianco, 1903; Lozano y Rey, 1905; Mourgue, 1913; Quir6s, 1922;
Naef, 1923; Issel, 1925b; Sparta, 1933; Magaz, 1934; Morales, 1958;
Mangold-Wirz, 1963b) and the Adriatic (Stossich, 1880; Ninni, 1886;
Kolombntovitsch, 1900; Gamulin-Brida, 1963).
Adam (1962) erected a sub-species Todarodes sagittatus angolensis
for specimens from the South Atlantic off Angola, and the Cape of
Good Hope (Barnard, 1934). Korabelnikov (1959) published a photograph of a squid collected near Tristan da Cunha which appears to be
this sub-species. The author has found the species in Sperm whale
stomachs a t Durban (Clarke, in preparation). A record from western
North America is almost certainly a misidentification (Berry, 191 2d).
Many specimens have been obtained after stranding (Ritchie, 1920a;
Hertling, 1929; Rustad, 1952), at the surface at night (Massy, 1909)
or in commercial trawls (Clarke, 1963) and one has even been taken
by a diver (Segerstrhle, 1944).
Almost every year large numbers appear off the south and south0.
127
(Fig. 13). It has been found in the Kara Sea (Kondakov, 1937), Barents
Sea (Grimpe, 1925), off the Murmansk Coast in the White Sea (Herzenstein, 1885; Ostroumoff, 1896; Knipowitsch, 1901; North Cape of
Norway (Lannberg, 1891), Finmark (Loven, 1846; Sars, 1878) all along
the west Norwegian coast (LovBn, 1846; Sars, 1878; Ldnnberg,l891;
Grieg, 1914,1933b; Nordgird, 1923), in the North Sea (Herklots, 1859;
Pelseneer, 1882 ; Lameere, 1893 ; Hoek, 1893 ; Hoyle, 1902 ; Tesch,
1908 ; Pfeffer, 1912 ; Grimpe, 1925 ; Tinbergen 1928 ; Gyngell, 1929 ;
Hertling, 1929; Kaas, 1939; Kaas et al., 1940), in the Kattegat and
Skaggerak (LovBn, 1846 ; Posselt, 1889 ; Ldnnberg, 1891), extreme
southern Baltic (Jaeckel, 1937), around the British Isles (Roper, 1883;
McIntosh, 1907, 1927; Pawsey, et al., 1920; Ritchie, 1920a; Storrow,
1922; Massy, 1928a; Stevenson, 1935; Clarke and Stevenson, 1935;
Stephen, 1937, 1944; Elmhirst, 1938; Gillespie, 1953; Rae et al., 1957;
Rae and Lamont, 1963), Iceland (Steenstrup, 1880; Posselt, 1890b;
Bardarson, 1919; Grimpe, 1925, 1933; Adam, 1939b; Fridriksson, 1943;
Bruun, 1945), Faroes (Landt, 1800; Miirch, 1867; Steenstrup, 1880;
Posselt, 1890; Pfeffer, 1912; Nielsen, 1930; Stephen, 1944), west coast
of France (Fischer, 1867; Lafont, 1869, 1871; Joubin, 1893; Dautzenberg and Fischer, 1925; Bouxin and Legendre, 1936), Portugal (Joubin,
1920; Magaz, 1934), north Spain (Quirbs, 1922), Azores (Girard, 1890a,
1892), Madeira (Girard, 1892; Rees and Maul, 1956; Clarke, 1963),
the Canaries (Clarke, unpublished), in the eastern North Atlantic well
away from land (Joubin, 1895b, 1924), western Mediterranean (Cantraine, 1841; Chiaje, 1841; VBrany, 1851; Risso, 1854; TargioniTozzetti, 1869b; Brazier, 1892s; Joubin, 1893a, 1894c, 1920; Jat,ta,
1896; Bianco, 1903; Lozano y Rey, 1905; Mourgue, 1913; Quir6s, 1922;
Naef, 1923; Issel, 1925b; Sparta, 1933; Magaz, 1934; Morales, 1958;
Mangold-Wirz, 1963b) and the Adriatic (Stossich, 1880; Ninni, 1886;
Kolombntovitsch, 1900; Gamulin-Brida, 1963).
Adam (1962) erected a sub-species Todarodes sagittatus angolensis
for specimens from the South Atlantic off Angola, and the Cape of
Good Hope (Barnard, 1934). Korabelnikov (1959) published a photograph of a squid collected near Tristan da Cunha which appears to be
this sub-species. The author has found the species in Sperm whale
stomachs a t Durban (Clarke, in preparation). A record from western
North America is almost certainly a misidentification (Berry, 191 2d).
Many specimens have been obtained after stranding (Ritchie, 1920a;
Hertling, 1929; Rustad, 1952), at the surface at night (Massy, 1909)
or in commercial trawls (Clarke, 1963) and one has even been taken
by a diver (Segerstrhle, 1944).
Almost every year large numbers appear off the south and south0.