106
MALCOLM It. CLARKE
all are 0. caroli females: the middle group are all recognizable as
0. pteropus from the large light organ on the dorsal side of the mantlc
(Clarke, 1965a); and the smallest could be, from their detailed structure.
either 0. caroli or 0. bartrawbi. However, all the small specimens are
immature and we have no evidence that any mature Onamastrephes, not
referable to 0. caroli or 0. pteropus, are in the area. It seems safc.
therefore, to conclude t h a t these small immature squids are in fact
0. caroli and that there are no 0. bartrnrni in the Madeiran area.
0. caroli and 0. pteropus have different distributions; the former
extends from Iceland to a t least south of the Canary Islands and into
the Mediterranean; 0. ptmopus extends from Madeira southwards to
West Africa (Adam. 1952) and westwards to the Gulf of Mexico
(Voss, 1956b) but its occurrence in the Mediterranean is questionable.
As mentioned above, 0. bartrawbi has been reported from the
Pacific; from the Bering Sea (Berry, 1912d; Lucas, 1899), Japan (Sasaki,
1916; 1929; Utsuna, 1932), north of the Bonin Islands (Sasaki, 1929a),
Formosa (Sasaki, 1929a). China (Sasaki, 1916), Chile (Pfeffer, 1912),
Magellanica (Carcelles and Williamson, 1051), Marshall Islands (Berry.
1912d), Fiji Islands (Berry, 1912d), Kermadec Islands (Berry, 1 9 1 3 ~ ) .
In the Indian ocean it has been reported from South Africa (Pfeffer,
1912; Robson, 1924a; Massy, 1925, 1928b), Ceylon (Sasaki, 1916),
Madagascar (Sasaki, 1916), Chagos Islands (Robson, 1921). Some but
not all of these records are possibly due t o misidentification of Symplectoteuthis which is very similar. 0. bartrami variety sinuosus
Lonnberg, 1896 caught off Teneriffe is probably 0. pteropus.
Annual migrations are made by 0, caroli and 0. pteropus into
Madeiran waters. Small 0. caroli of both sexes appear in July and
August and are used in large numbers for bait, and human consumption
(Rees and Maul, 1956). Large 0. caroli (the right hand group in Fig. 5)
are all females.
After the appearance of the small 0. caroli, shoals of female 0.
pteropus appear and fewer 0 . caroli are caught. The female 0. pteropus
vary between 26.0-38-0 cm in mantle length. The absence of male
FIG. 6. Photographs taken with the underwater camera a t a depth of 400-500 m a t
32"31'N 1 6 35'W. The camera was so arranged that it operated when a bait at
the end of a rod in the field of view was pulled. I n this series a n ommastrephid
(either Todarorles saqittatcta or OmrnaRtrephes pteropus) about 45 em long has become
" foul-hooker1 " in the tail region of the mantle. These photographs are selected
from a series of over thirty taken as the squid struggled to escape from the hook
and the attacks of one or more individuals of Todarodes aagittatua. On bringing
the camera to the surface, the squid had dropped off and the bait was still rtpparently untouched. D. shows how the fins may be folded round the body and the
anterior edges fanned out to act as a break.
MALCOLM It. CLARKE
all are 0. caroli females: the middle group are all recognizable as
0. pteropus from the large light organ on the dorsal side of the mantlc
(Clarke, 1965a); and the smallest could be, from their detailed structure.
either 0. caroli or 0. bartrawbi. However, all the small specimens are
immature and we have no evidence that any mature Onamastrephes, not
referable to 0. caroli or 0. pteropus, are in the area. It seems safc.
therefore, to conclude t h a t these small immature squids are in fact
0. caroli and that there are no 0. bartrnrni in the Madeiran area.
0. caroli and 0. pteropus have different distributions; the former
extends from Iceland to a t least south of the Canary Islands and into
the Mediterranean; 0. ptmopus extends from Madeira southwards to
West Africa (Adam. 1952) and westwards to the Gulf of Mexico
(Voss, 1956b) but its occurrence in the Mediterranean is questionable.
As mentioned above, 0. bartrawbi has been reported from the
Pacific; from the Bering Sea (Berry, 1912d; Lucas, 1899), Japan (Sasaki,
1916; 1929; Utsuna, 1932), north of the Bonin Islands (Sasaki, 1929a),
Formosa (Sasaki, 1929a). China (Sasaki, 1916), Chile (Pfeffer, 1912),
Magellanica (Carcelles and Williamson, 1051), Marshall Islands (Berry.
1912d), Fiji Islands (Berry, 1912d), Kermadec Islands (Berry, 1 9 1 3 ~ ) .
In the Indian ocean it has been reported from South Africa (Pfeffer,
1912; Robson, 1924a; Massy, 1925, 1928b), Ceylon (Sasaki, 1916),
Madagascar (Sasaki, 1916), Chagos Islands (Robson, 1921). Some but
not all of these records are possibly due t o misidentification of Symplectoteuthis which is very similar. 0. bartrami variety sinuosus
Lonnberg, 1896 caught off Teneriffe is probably 0. pteropus.
Annual migrations are made by 0, caroli and 0. pteropus into
Madeiran waters. Small 0. caroli of both sexes appear in July and
August and are used in large numbers for bait, and human consumption
(Rees and Maul, 1956). Large 0. caroli (the right hand group in Fig. 5)
are all females.
After the appearance of the small 0. caroli, shoals of female 0.
pteropus appear and fewer 0 . caroli are caught. The female 0. pteropus
vary between 26.0-38-0 cm in mantle length. The absence of male
FIG. 6. Photographs taken with the underwater camera a t a depth of 400-500 m a t
32"31'N 1 6 35'W. The camera was so arranged that it operated when a bait at
the end of a rod in the field of view was pulled. I n this series a n ommastrephid
(either Todarorles saqittatcta or OmrnaRtrephes pteropus) about 45 em long has become
" foul-hooker1 " in the tail region of the mantle. These photographs are selected
from a series of over thirty taken as the squid struggled to escape from the hook
and the attacks of one or more individuals of Todarodes aagittatua. On bringing
the camera to the surface, the squid had dropped off and the bait was still rtpparently untouched. D. shows how the fins may be folded round the body and the
anterior edges fanned out to act as a break.