A&. m ~ r . BWZ., Vol. 2, 1964, pp. 85-131
THE BLOOD GROUPS OF PmRINE ANIMALS
JOHN E. C U S ~ N O
Department of Biological Sciencee,
University of California, S a d Barbara,
California, U.S.A.
I. Introduction
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
11. Fundamental Concepta bf Blood Group Reeeerch . . . . . . . .
A. The Wature of Blood OMUPS . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Blood Group Antibodies
. . . . . . . . . . ..
C. Antigen-Antibody Reactions . . .. . . . . . . . .
111. Marine Blood Group Reseeroh . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
D. Genetic Consideratiom of Blood Group Phenotypes
. . . .
A. Introduction to and Significance of Researoh on the Blood Group
of Marine Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. InitialReeeerch..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Current Rseearch
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
D. Soluble Molecule8 under Genetic Control . . . . . . . .
IV. Methods . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ..
A. Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
B. Collection of Semplea . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
C. Preaervetion of Samples
. . .. . . . . . . ..
D. Blood Grouping Technique8 . . .. . . . . . . ..
V. Summery . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
VX. Acknowledgmenta,.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
VII. References . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ..
86
86
86
87
89
90
93
93
94
96
113
116
116
116
117
119
123
123
124
I. INTRODUCTION
Reaearch on the blood groups of marine animals derivee ita b d o
concepts and techniques from the great volume of work that has been
done on the blood groups of humans and domestio animals. At praeeat
it is expanding rapidly and is entering a period where it oan make
f@nificant contributions to our knowledge of oceanography and the
biology of marine organism. This article presenta an introduction
to the conoepts that provide the background against which the blood
Boups of marine enimals have been studied; reviews those studia
that have been made to date ; and describes to some degree the materisle
and methods used.
11. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF BLOOD GROUP RESEAWE
This section introducea the concepts used in blood p u p reeemh.
It i8 based upon advmoed presentations to be found in suoh publicatione
86
THE BLOOD GROUPS OF PmRINE ANIMALS
JOHN E. C U S ~ N O
Department of Biological Sciencee,
University of California, S a d Barbara,
California, U.S.A.
I. Introduction
. . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
11. Fundamental Concepta bf Blood Group Reeeerch . . . . . . . .
A. The Wature of Blood OMUPS . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Blood Group Antibodies
. . . . . . . . . . ..
C. Antigen-Antibody Reactions . . .. . . . . . . . .
111. Marine Blood Group Reseeroh . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
D. Genetic Consideratiom of Blood Group Phenotypes
. . . .
A. Introduction to and Significance of Researoh on the Blood Group
of Marine Animals . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. InitialReeeerch..
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
C. Current Rseearch
. . . . . . . . . . . . ..
D. Soluble Molecule8 under Genetic Control . . . . . . . .
IV. Methods . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ..
A. Introduction
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . ..
B. Collection of Semplea . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
C. Preaervetion of Samples
. . .. . . . . . . ..
D. Blood Grouping Technique8 . . .. . . . . . . ..
V. Summery . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .
VX. Acknowledgmenta,.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .. ..
VII. References . . . . . . . . .. .. . . . . . . ..
86
86
86
87
89
90
93
93
94
96
113
116
116
116
117
119
123
123
124
I. INTRODUCTION
Reaearch on the blood groups of marine animals derivee ita b d o
concepts and techniques from the great volume of work that has been
done on the blood groups of humans and domestio animals. At praeeat
it is expanding rapidly and is entering a period where it oan make
f@nificant contributions to our knowledge of oceanography and the
biology of marine organism. This article presenta an introduction
to the conoepts that provide the background against which the blood
Boups of marine enimals have been studied; reviews those studia
that have been made to date ; and describes to some degree the materisle
and methods used.
11. FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS OF BLOOD GROUP RESEAWE
This section introducea the concepts used in blood p u p reeemh.
It i8 based upon advmoed presentations to be found in suoh publicatione
86