164
XOBINA B. SCIIOLES A N D J. M. SHEWAN
dogfish, wliicb is easily clrcomposcd Ly bacteria to give ammonia.
Consequently during spoilage tlic 1’13 of the muscle rises, reaching a
value of 9.0 by the 10-12th day of spoilage in ice (Elliott, 1952). Such
high alkalinity inarkcdly affects the flora, and indeed leads to the
elimination of all but one or two types which appear to be Pseudomonas
*PP.
VIII. REFERENCES
Ager, E. A., and Dolman, C. E. (1964). Typo E botulism. Report of a n outbreak
Anderson, T. W. (1948). Quotcd by I’ivnick, (1949).
Anderson, J. I. W. (1962). Hcfcrotinphic bactcria in North Sea water. Ph.D.
Thesis, (:Iasgow~ University.
Anon ( I 9G3). “ Yecirbook of Fisliery Statislics.” Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations. ltoino.
Ascholioi~g, l‘., and V ~ s t c r l i ~ ~ ~ ,
R. (1943). Investigation of bnctcrial flora of
frcvsh hcrririg.
Baxtor, R. Rl. (1959). An iritorprctation of the c>ffects of salts on the lactic
dohytirogenaeo of Hnloliacterium srilinarium. C a d . J . Microbial. 5, 47-67.
Reijerinck, M. W. (1882) quoted by Harvey (1940).
Benecke, W. (1933). Bakteriologio dos Mcores. In. “ Abderhalden’s Handh. d
biol. Arboitsmothoden;” Abt. IX, T.5, 717-854.
Brandt, A. V. (1954). Untcrschio~~lrcbe Nctz-verrottuiig in Fischgewhern.
Arch. Pis& IPiss. 5, 58-73.
Breed, It. S., Murray, E. G. D., and Smith, N. It. (1957). “ Bergey’s Manual of
Dotorininat ive Bacteriology,” 7th ed. Baillihre, Tindall and Cox, London.
Brisou, J. (lM5). “ I,a Microbiologio du Milieu marin.” Editions Medicales
Flaniniarion, Paris.
Burton, S. D., and Rlorita, It. Y. (1963). Denaturation and renaturation of malic
dohydrogcnase in a cell freo extract froin a marine psychrophile. J. B a t . 86,
Butkevich, V. (1933). Methods of bartcrinlogical investigation and some data
on tho distribution of bacteria in the water and bottom of tho Barents Sea.
Trans. occanogr. Inst. itloscoiu, 2, N o . 2, pp. 39.
Butkevich, V. (1938). On the barterial populations in the waters of seas in high
Arctic latitudes. C.R. Acad. S r i . U.S.S.R. 19, 651-82.
Castell, C. H. and Grecnorigh, R l . F. (1959). The action of Pseudoomonas on f%h
musclc : 4. Relation betwcrn substrcito compoRition and the development of
odours by I’seudomonas frnqi. J. I’ish. Rea. Bd Can. 16, 21-31.
Castell, C. IT.. Grccnough, Rf. F., and Thlo, J. (1950). Tho action of P8et.eudooi n u n a ~ on fish muscle : 3. Identificntion of organism8 producing fruity and
oniony odours. J . Fish. Rea. h’d C‘m. 16, 13-19.
in Washington. J. Anter. nted. Ass. 535-39.
%bl. Il&d., 106, 5-27.
101 9-24.
Christiitn, J. H. B. (1956) quoted by Lnrsen (1963).
Cruickshank, J. (1934). A study of a lurninom organism in relation to nutrition
Le Dantec, A. (1906). Noto on R new category of bacterirc- tho chlorophiles.
Dolman, C . I<. (1960). Type E botulism : a hazard of the North. Arctic. 13, 230on agar. J. Path. Ract. 39, 141-48.
c.11. Soc. Bid. 58, 139.
56.
XOBINA B. SCIIOLES A N D J. M. SHEWAN
dogfish, wliicb is easily clrcomposcd Ly bacteria to give ammonia.
Consequently during spoilage tlic 1’13 of the muscle rises, reaching a
value of 9.0 by the 10-12th day of spoilage in ice (Elliott, 1952). Such
high alkalinity inarkcdly affects the flora, and indeed leads to the
elimination of all but one or two types which appear to be Pseudomonas
*PP.
VIII. REFERENCES
Ager, E. A., and Dolman, C. E. (1964). Typo E botulism. Report of a n outbreak
Anderson, T. W. (1948). Quotcd by I’ivnick, (1949).
Anderson, J. I. W. (1962). Hcfcrotinphic bactcria in North Sea water. Ph.D.
Thesis, (:Iasgow~ University.
Anon ( I 9G3). “ Yecirbook of Fisliery Statislics.” Food and Agricultural Organization of United Nations. ltoino.
Ascholioi~g, l‘., and V ~ s t c r l i ~ ~ ~ ,
R. (1943). Investigation of bnctcrial flora of
frcvsh hcrririg.
Baxtor, R. Rl. (1959). An iritorprctation of the c>ffects of salts on the lactic
dohytirogenaeo of Hnloliacterium srilinarium. C a d . J . Microbial. 5, 47-67.
Reijerinck, M. W. (1882) quoted by Harvey (1940).
Benecke, W. (1933). Bakteriologio dos Mcores. In. “ Abderhalden’s Handh. d
biol. Arboitsmothoden;” Abt. IX, T.5, 717-854.
Brandt, A. V. (1954). Untcrschio~~lrcbe Nctz-verrottuiig in Fischgewhern.
Arch. Pis& IPiss. 5, 58-73.
Breed, It. S., Murray, E. G. D., and Smith, N. It. (1957). “ Bergey’s Manual of
Dotorininat ive Bacteriology,” 7th ed. Baillihre, Tindall and Cox, London.
Brisou, J. (lM5). “ I,a Microbiologio du Milieu marin.” Editions Medicales
Flaniniarion, Paris.
Burton, S. D., and Rlorita, It. Y. (1963). Denaturation and renaturation of malic
dohydrogcnase in a cell freo extract froin a marine psychrophile. J. B a t . 86,
Butkevich, V. (1933). Methods of bartcrinlogical investigation and some data
on tho distribution of bacteria in the water and bottom of tho Barents Sea.
Trans. occanogr. Inst. itloscoiu, 2, N o . 2, pp. 39.
Butkevich, V. (1938). On the barterial populations in the waters of seas in high
Arctic latitudes. C.R. Acad. S r i . U.S.S.R. 19, 651-82.
Castell, C. H. and Grecnorigh, R l . F. (1959). The action of Pseudoomonas on f%h
musclc : 4. Relation betwcrn substrcito compoRition and the development of
odours by I’seudomonas frnqi. J. I’ish. Rea. Bd Can. 16, 21-31.
Castell, C. IT.. Grccnough, Rf. F., and Thlo, J. (1950). Tho action of P8et.eudooi n u n a ~ on fish muscle : 3. Identificntion of organism8 producing fruity and
oniony odours. J . Fish. Rea. h’d C‘m. 16, 13-19.
in Washington. J. Anter. nted. Ass. 535-39.
%bl. Il&d., 106, 5-27.
101 9-24.
Christiitn, J. H. B. (1956) quoted by Lnrsen (1963).
Cruickshank, J. (1934). A study of a lurninom organism in relation to nutrition
Le Dantec, A. (1906). Noto on R new category of bacterirc- tho chlorophiles.
Dolman, C . I<. (1960). Type E botulism : a hazard of the North. Arctic. 13, 230on agar. J. Path. Ract. 39, 141-48.
c.11. Soc. Bid. 58, 139.
56.