114
JOHN E. CUSHINQ
The first subpopulation differentiations made in any species using
soluble m u m antigens appear to have been those of Taliev (1941,1946)
who used the ring test to distinguish among the serums of races of the
Baikal Omul (Coregonus autumna2ia migratorius Georgi) and between
wild and domesticated forms of carp (Cyprinus curpo L.). In addition
Bargetzi (1968) used agar diffusion to distinguish between two coregonids in Lake Neuchatel, and Zaks and Sokolova (1961) report briefly
on being able to differentiate among shoals of red (sockeye) salmon
by means of ring and agar diffusion techniques. The most extensive
and critical research on soluble antigens in fish subpopulations is that
of Ridgway et al. (1962) on serum antigens of the red (sockeye) salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka). Here the occurrence of two antigens, I and 11,
varied strikingly between samples taken in American waters (at least
one present in ten out of 126 samples). Variable mixtures of samples
containing these antigens were collected from different regions of the
North Pacific and Behring Sea, supporting the concept that Asian and
American red salmon stocks mingle over broad areas in these latitudes.
In addition, female salmon produced an antigen specifically ctssociated
with the time of their maturation (see also Olivereau and Ridgway,
1962; Ridgway and Utter, 1963).
Ridgway et al. have noted the stability of antigens I and 11, both
during the maturation of young fish and in the relative frequencies of
their occurrence in single populations from year to year. They refer
these antigens to other soluble molecular variations known to be
genetically oontrolled in higher vertebrates, and make a very reasonable cwe for believing that antigens I and I1 are similarly controlled,
even though the genetic mechanism has not been elucidated.
Krauel and Ridgway (1 963) have used immunoelectrophoresis to
analyze the protein components of red salmon serum, and have
reported evidence for polymorphism in pre-albumin and globulin
components. Suzuki and Morio (1959) and Ridgway (19628) have
reported on observations on the serum antigens of tunas, and Suyehiro
et al. (1961) report having initiated work on the serum antigens of
some mackerels found off Japan. Particularly noteworthy is the work
of Mairs and Sindermann (1962) who have made an extensive comparative study on five species of Atlantic clupeoids. The method6
used included comparisons by photoreflectometer, agar diffusion,
erythrocyte agglutination and paper electrophoresis. The result@
obtained are critically evaluated and correlated by the authors, making
their paper a useful model for other studies of complexes of relatgd
species. Attention is also directed to the paper of O’Rourke (1959)
on adw.
JOHN E. CUSHINQ
The first subpopulation differentiations made in any species using
soluble m u m antigens appear to have been those of Taliev (1941,1946)
who used the ring test to distinguish among the serums of races of the
Baikal Omul (Coregonus autumna2ia migratorius Georgi) and between
wild and domesticated forms of carp (Cyprinus curpo L.). In addition
Bargetzi (1968) used agar diffusion to distinguish between two coregonids in Lake Neuchatel, and Zaks and Sokolova (1961) report briefly
on being able to differentiate among shoals of red (sockeye) salmon
by means of ring and agar diffusion techniques. The most extensive
and critical research on soluble antigens in fish subpopulations is that
of Ridgway et al. (1962) on serum antigens of the red (sockeye) salmon
(Oncorhynchus nerka). Here the occurrence of two antigens, I and 11,
varied strikingly between samples taken in American waters (at least
one present in ten out of 126 samples). Variable mixtures of samples
containing these antigens were collected from different regions of the
North Pacific and Behring Sea, supporting the concept that Asian and
American red salmon stocks mingle over broad areas in these latitudes.
In addition, female salmon produced an antigen specifically ctssociated
with the time of their maturation (see also Olivereau and Ridgway,
1962; Ridgway and Utter, 1963).
Ridgway et al. have noted the stability of antigens I and 11, both
during the maturation of young fish and in the relative frequencies of
their occurrence in single populations from year to year. They refer
these antigens to other soluble molecular variations known to be
genetically oontrolled in higher vertebrates, and make a very reasonable cwe for believing that antigens I and I1 are similarly controlled,
even though the genetic mechanism has not been elucidated.
Krauel and Ridgway (1 963) have used immunoelectrophoresis to
analyze the protein components of red salmon serum, and have
reported evidence for polymorphism in pre-albumin and globulin
components. Suzuki and Morio (1959) and Ridgway (19628) have
reported on observations on the serum antigens of tunas, and Suyehiro
et al. (1961) report having initiated work on the serum antigens of
some mackerels found off Japan. Particularly noteworthy is the work
of Mairs and Sindermann (1962) who have made an extensive comparative study on five species of Atlantic clupeoids. The method6
used included comparisons by photoreflectometer, agar diffusion,
erythrocyte agglutination and paper electrophoresis. The result@
obtained are critically evaluated and correlated by the authors, making
their paper a useful model for other studies of complexes of relatgd
species. Attention is also directed to the paper of O’Rourke (1959)
on adw.