THE BLOOD GROUPS OF MARINE ANIMALS
105
Sindermann (1 962b) has initiated investigation of the erythrocyte
antigens of this species using heteroimmune rabbit serums that
recognize two antigens which appear to be in the same blood group
system. One of these, A,, is specifically reactive with anti-redfish
serum that has been absorbed by the other antigen, A,. A reciprocal
specificity is shown by A, when anti-cod serum is used. The limited
sampling done so far shows that redfish possessing antigen A, comprise
mom than 75% of the population examined in the Gulf of Maine,
5. The salmonids
The first salmonids to be blood-typed were rainbow trout which
were shown to be serologicdly distinguishable from various species
of marine fish. However, no individual variations were found (Cushing
and Sprague, 1953).
The establishment of the International North Pacific Fisheries
Commission in 1953 gave great impetus to research on salmon as
carfried forward through the coordinated efforts of the member nations,
Canada, Japan and the United States of America. As is well known,
Pacific salmons, whatever the species, are composed of subpopulations
that are geographically and genetically isolated from each other
(presumably by imprinted specificities of their homing behavior cf.
Cushing, 1941a, b), even though they may mix together while growing
to maturation in the Pacific. Major objectives of the Commission have
been to arrive a t ways of distinguishing samples of subpopulations
taken on the high seas and of relating these samples to the spawning
populations from which they originated. Research aimed at this
objective has included serological studies initiating in the laboratories
of Professor Y, Suyehiro, Department of Fisheries, Tokyo University,
and of Dr. George J. Ridgway, Biological Laboratory, United States
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Washington. Progress
towards the objective noted has been going steadily forward on a large
scale. A series of pertinent publications have originated from the
laboratory of Dr. Ridgway, whose researches are by far the most
extensive and thorough of any that have been done on the serology of
this group. These deal both with blood group serology and that of
soluble serum antigens (Section 111, D).
The blood group studies were initiated with the demonstration
that the erythrocytes of individual red (sockeye) salmon (Omorhynchue
nerka) varied as to the strength of their agglutination by normal pig
and horse serums, and that the relative frequencies of weak, intermediate, and strong variants could be compared among samples from
different populations (Ridgway et al., 1968). Significant differences
105
Sindermann (1 962b) has initiated investigation of the erythrocyte
antigens of this species using heteroimmune rabbit serums that
recognize two antigens which appear to be in the same blood group
system. One of these, A,, is specifically reactive with anti-redfish
serum that has been absorbed by the other antigen, A,. A reciprocal
specificity is shown by A, when anti-cod serum is used. The limited
sampling done so far shows that redfish possessing antigen A, comprise
mom than 75% of the population examined in the Gulf of Maine,
5. The salmonids
The first salmonids to be blood-typed were rainbow trout which
were shown to be serologicdly distinguishable from various species
of marine fish. However, no individual variations were found (Cushing
and Sprague, 1953).
The establishment of the International North Pacific Fisheries
Commission in 1953 gave great impetus to research on salmon as
carfried forward through the coordinated efforts of the member nations,
Canada, Japan and the United States of America. As is well known,
Pacific salmons, whatever the species, are composed of subpopulations
that are geographically and genetically isolated from each other
(presumably by imprinted specificities of their homing behavior cf.
Cushing, 1941a, b), even though they may mix together while growing
to maturation in the Pacific. Major objectives of the Commission have
been to arrive a t ways of distinguishing samples of subpopulations
taken on the high seas and of relating these samples to the spawning
populations from which they originated. Research aimed at this
objective has included serological studies initiating in the laboratories
of Professor Y, Suyehiro, Department of Fisheries, Tokyo University,
and of Dr. George J. Ridgway, Biological Laboratory, United States
Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, Seattle, Washington. Progress
towards the objective noted has been going steadily forward on a large
scale. A series of pertinent publications have originated from the
laboratory of Dr. Ridgway, whose researches are by far the most
extensive and thorough of any that have been done on the serology of
this group. These deal both with blood group serology and that of
soluble serum antigens (Section 111, D).
The blood group studies were initiated with the demonstration
that the erythrocytes of individual red (sockeye) salmon (Omorhynchue
nerka) varied as to the strength of their agglutination by normal pig
and horse serums, and that the relative frequencies of weak, intermediate, and strong variants could be compared among samples from
different populations (Ridgway et al., 1968). Significant differences