98
JOHN E. CUSHINO
to varying degrees at the completion of their migration from unknown
low latitude breeding grounds to northern seas. The eastern unit is
estimated to be the principal stock that enters the Bering sea, with
some mixing with the western unit off the Kamchatka Peninsula. The
existence of a fourth population is suspected because of the absence
of returns from marks in whales taken off the British Columbian and
California coasts.
The second comparison wap of finback whales taken in varioue
parts of whaling area I11 of the Antarctic Ocean (between 0 to 70
degrees east, Fujino, 1962). The number of whales typed is still relatively small, but the frequencies of J u phenotypes appeared to be
consistent with the concept of two major alleles in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, and also varied among samples from three parts of
Area 111. Superimposed upon the daily take was an intermittent series
of days when sharp upward fluctuations occurred in the catch of
Ju2-positive whales. Whales taken on these days were postulated to
represent groups of individuals migrating from as yet undetermined
Atlantic populations, a point in agreement with the results of marking
returns and other data. suggesting that different breeding populations
apparently contribute whales to Area I11 (Brown, 1962).
The third comparison suggested that different breeding stocks will
eventually be found to be contributing to the Antarctic catch of sperm
whales (Cushing et al., 1963a). A fourth comparison was one referred
to by Fujino (1962) that showed intrapopulation differences among
pygmy-blue whales for which additional data will be needed before an
interpretation of the results can be offered.
Specific inhibition of the agglutination of Ju2-positive cells by
soluble substances in serum was first observed in the finback whale
(Cushing et al., 1959). Ju2 specific soluble substances were subsequently found in the sperm whale through the discovery that cells in
some samples that were initially typed J u 1 became Ju2-positive
after standing in their serum for a day or longer at refrigerator temperatures (Cushing et al., 1963s). This type change could be experimentally induced by placing J u l cells in sperm whale serums capable
of inhibiting anti-Ju2 typing serums. Cells so treated rapidly became
Ju2-positive, presumably because of being “coated” by the Ju2
soluble inhibitor in the serum. This phenomenon was observed in
whale. being taken from a shore-whaling station in Peru. Such whales
showed a very high frequency of Ju2-positive individuals in contrast
to that found in sperm whales taken in the Antarctic. Consideration of
differences in the method of sampling, notably the time between death
and the collection of samples, led to the conclusion that the high
JOHN E. CUSHINO
to varying degrees at the completion of their migration from unknown
low latitude breeding grounds to northern seas. The eastern unit is
estimated to be the principal stock that enters the Bering sea, with
some mixing with the western unit off the Kamchatka Peninsula. The
existence of a fourth population is suspected because of the absence
of returns from marks in whales taken off the British Columbian and
California coasts.
The second comparison wap of finback whales taken in varioue
parts of whaling area I11 of the Antarctic Ocean (between 0 to 70
degrees east, Fujino, 1962). The number of whales typed is still relatively small, but the frequencies of J u phenotypes appeared to be
consistent with the concept of two major alleles in Hardy-Weinberg
equilibrium, and also varied among samples from three parts of
Area 111. Superimposed upon the daily take was an intermittent series
of days when sharp upward fluctuations occurred in the catch of
Ju2-positive whales. Whales taken on these days were postulated to
represent groups of individuals migrating from as yet undetermined
Atlantic populations, a point in agreement with the results of marking
returns and other data. suggesting that different breeding populations
apparently contribute whales to Area I11 (Brown, 1962).
The third comparison suggested that different breeding stocks will
eventually be found to be contributing to the Antarctic catch of sperm
whales (Cushing et al., 1963a). A fourth comparison was one referred
to by Fujino (1962) that showed intrapopulation differences among
pygmy-blue whales for which additional data will be needed before an
interpretation of the results can be offered.
Specific inhibition of the agglutination of Ju2-positive cells by
soluble substances in serum was first observed in the finback whale
(Cushing et al., 1959). Ju2 specific soluble substances were subsequently found in the sperm whale through the discovery that cells in
some samples that were initially typed J u 1 became Ju2-positive
after standing in their serum for a day or longer at refrigerator temperatures (Cushing et al., 1963s). This type change could be experimentally induced by placing J u l cells in sperm whale serums capable
of inhibiting anti-Ju2 typing serums. Cells so treated rapidly became
Ju2-positive, presumably because of being “coated” by the Ju2
soluble inhibitor in the serum. This phenomenon was observed in
whale. being taken from a shore-whaling station in Peru. Such whales
showed a very high frequency of Ju2-positive individuals in contrast
to that found in sperm whales taken in the Antarctic. Consideration of
differences in the method of sampling, notably the time between death
and the collection of samples, led to the conclusion that the high