80
N. W. MOORE
proceedings published. The following are particularly relevant from the
ecological point of view:
1. “The Ecological Effects of Biological and Chemical Control of
Undesirable Plants and Animals”. I.U.C.N. Symposium, Warsaw
1960. Edited by D. J. Kuenen. (1961) Leiden.
2. “Chemicals and the Land in Relation to the Welfare of Man”.
Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Yorkshire (W.R.) Institute
of Agriculture, York 1965. Edited by F. M. Baldwin. (1965)
Bradford and London.
3. “Research in Pesticides”. Proceedings of the Conference on research needs and approaches to the use of agricultural chemicals
from a public health viewpoint. Held at the University of California,
Davis, California, 1-3 October, 1964. Edited by C. 0. Chichester.
(1965) New York and London.
4. “Pesticides in the Environment and their Effects on Wildlife”.
Proceedings of an Advanced Study Institute sponsored by the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Monks Wood, England 1965.
Edited by N. W. Moore. (1966) J . appl. Ecol. 3 (Suppl.).
Finally there is “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson (1962): this is not a
balanced view of the pesticide problem; it is an impassioned advocate’s
plea for a more critical appraisal of pesticide use. In that it has influenced the minds of many people, this famous book is itself an important “ecological factor’’ which has to be taken into account in assessing
the effects of pesticides on living organisms.
11. THE NATURE OF THE PESTICIDE PROBLEM A N D THE
TYPES OF RESEARCH NECESSARY FOR STUDYING IT
The word pesticide is a useful omnibus term which covers all chemical
agents used by man to kill or control living organisms. It includes weed
killers (herbicides), fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides,
molluscicides and rodenticides, and is often held to include chemosterilants and growth retarders.
Since no plant or animal lives in isolation, an application of a pesticide
never results in a total reaction of the form
all pesticide applications in fact consist of the reaction
I pesticides --f ecosystem in which the pest occurs I
This is the only reality; it consists of a man-made factor impinging on
a complex system made up of physical elements and interacting
N. W. MOORE
proceedings published. The following are particularly relevant from the
ecological point of view:
1. “The Ecological Effects of Biological and Chemical Control of
Undesirable Plants and Animals”. I.U.C.N. Symposium, Warsaw
1960. Edited by D. J. Kuenen. (1961) Leiden.
2. “Chemicals and the Land in Relation to the Welfare of Man”.
Proceedings of a Symposium held at the Yorkshire (W.R.) Institute
of Agriculture, York 1965. Edited by F. M. Baldwin. (1965)
Bradford and London.
3. “Research in Pesticides”. Proceedings of the Conference on research needs and approaches to the use of agricultural chemicals
from a public health viewpoint. Held at the University of California,
Davis, California, 1-3 October, 1964. Edited by C. 0. Chichester.
(1965) New York and London.
4. “Pesticides in the Environment and their Effects on Wildlife”.
Proceedings of an Advanced Study Institute sponsored by the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Monks Wood, England 1965.
Edited by N. W. Moore. (1966) J . appl. Ecol. 3 (Suppl.).
Finally there is “Silent Spring” by Rachel Carson (1962): this is not a
balanced view of the pesticide problem; it is an impassioned advocate’s
plea for a more critical appraisal of pesticide use. In that it has influenced the minds of many people, this famous book is itself an important “ecological factor’’ which has to be taken into account in assessing
the effects of pesticides on living organisms.
11. THE NATURE OF THE PESTICIDE PROBLEM A N D THE
TYPES OF RESEARCH NECESSARY FOR STUDYING IT
The word pesticide is a useful omnibus term which covers all chemical
agents used by man to kill or control living organisms. It includes weed
killers (herbicides), fungicides, insecticides, acaricides, nematicides,
molluscicides and rodenticides, and is often held to include chemosterilants and growth retarders.
Since no plant or animal lives in isolation, an application of a pesticide
never results in a total reaction of the form
all pesticide applications in fact consist of the reaction
I pesticides --f ecosystem in which the pest occurs I
This is the only reality; it consists of a man-made factor impinging on
a complex system made up of physical elements and interacting