A SYNOPSIS OF THE PESTICIDE PROBLEM
79
not attempted to review the literature other than to mention some key
reviews, books and papers, but have merely used examples of the
literature to illustrate the themes. Wherever possible I have referred to
the most recent work known t o me when this contains references to
earlier publications.
The reasons that have hindered a unified approach to pesticide
problems have doubtless discouraged workers from writing general
reviews of the subject. The nearest approach to an ecological review is
R. L. Rudd’s valuable book “Pesticides and the Living Landscape”,
1964. There are many excellent works on the various subdivisions of
the subject. Of the text books the following are particularly valuable:
Brown (1951), Metcalf (1955) and Martin (1964). From the ecologist’s
point of view Martin’s book is especially valuable for its summaries of
the chemistry and mode of action and methods of application of pesticides, Metcalf‘s for the summaries of the mammalian and insect toxicology of insecticides, Brown’s for information on the older insecticides
and on the physical aspects including aerial spraying. The volume on
biological control edited by DeBach (1964) provides an excellent introduction to the ecology of crop protection. More has been written about
DDT than about any other pesticide: the volumes edited by Muller
(1955, 1959) on DDT summarize the extensive literature on this insecticide and contain information which is particularly valuable towards
understanding a pesticide which is of very great ecological significance.
Useful and extensive summaries of the toxicological literature are provided in the handbooks of Negherbon (1959) and Rudd and Genelly
(1956). Among review papers the following are particularly useful introductions to their subjects: Ripper (1956) on the effects of pesticides on
arthropod populations, Stern et al. (1969) on integrated control, Cope
(1966) on the special problems of pesticides in fresh water, and Butler
(1966) on pesticides in the marine environment. The problems of interaction (“potentiation”) are reviewed by Dubois (1961) and pesticide
resistance by Brown (1961) and Georghiou (1965a).
Much valuable information is presented in the handbooks produced
annually by such organizations as the British Insecticide and Fungicide
Council and the British Weed Control Council. Many valuable papers
on pesticides, including some of the reviews already mentioned, have
been published in the annual series entitled “Advances in Pest Control
Research” which is edited by R. L. Metcalf. The annual circulars of the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (United States Department of
the Interior) provide useful progress reports of pesticide/wildlife research in that country. British work on this subject is described in the
reports of Monks Wood Experimental Station.
Several symposia have been held on the effects of pesticides and their
79
not attempted to review the literature other than to mention some key
reviews, books and papers, but have merely used examples of the
literature to illustrate the themes. Wherever possible I have referred to
the most recent work known t o me when this contains references to
earlier publications.
The reasons that have hindered a unified approach to pesticide
problems have doubtless discouraged workers from writing general
reviews of the subject. The nearest approach to an ecological review is
R. L. Rudd’s valuable book “Pesticides and the Living Landscape”,
1964. There are many excellent works on the various subdivisions of
the subject. Of the text books the following are particularly valuable:
Brown (1951), Metcalf (1955) and Martin (1964). From the ecologist’s
point of view Martin’s book is especially valuable for its summaries of
the chemistry and mode of action and methods of application of pesticides, Metcalf‘s for the summaries of the mammalian and insect toxicology of insecticides, Brown’s for information on the older insecticides
and on the physical aspects including aerial spraying. The volume on
biological control edited by DeBach (1964) provides an excellent introduction to the ecology of crop protection. More has been written about
DDT than about any other pesticide: the volumes edited by Muller
(1955, 1959) on DDT summarize the extensive literature on this insecticide and contain information which is particularly valuable towards
understanding a pesticide which is of very great ecological significance.
Useful and extensive summaries of the toxicological literature are provided in the handbooks of Negherbon (1959) and Rudd and Genelly
(1956). Among review papers the following are particularly useful introductions to their subjects: Ripper (1956) on the effects of pesticides on
arthropod populations, Stern et al. (1969) on integrated control, Cope
(1966) on the special problems of pesticides in fresh water, and Butler
(1966) on pesticides in the marine environment. The problems of interaction (“potentiation”) are reviewed by Dubois (1961) and pesticide
resistance by Brown (1961) and Georghiou (1965a).
Much valuable information is presented in the handbooks produced
annually by such organizations as the British Insecticide and Fungicide
Council and the British Weed Control Council. Many valuable papers
on pesticides, including some of the reviews already mentioned, have
been published in the annual series entitled “Advances in Pest Control
Research” which is edited by R. L. Metcalf. The annual circulars of the
United States Fish and Wildlife Service (United States Department of
the Interior) provide useful progress reports of pesticide/wildlife research in that country. British work on this subject is described in the
reports of Monks Wood Experimental Station.
Several symposia have been held on the effects of pesticides and their