THE GENERAL BIOLOGY OF PENGUINS
141
Wintering ranges of penguins are less precisely known than breeding
ranges. Galapagos, Peruvian, Blackfooted, Little Blue and Yellow-eyed
penguins appear to be non-migratory and are seldom seen outside their
breeding ranges. Gentoo and Magellanic penguins leave the southern
parts of their ranges in winter, but are resident or semi-resident farther
north. Addie and Chinstrap penguins are believed to live among pack ice
in winter, usually to the north of their breeding grounds. Emperors and
Kings tend their chicks throughout winter; unoccupied and non breeding
birds leave the colonies, Emperors to wander in the pack ice and Kings
to roam sub-antarctic waters. All eudyptid penguins migrate, and
winter vagrants are usually reported a t points north of their breeding
grounds.
I
I
1
Emperor
-
King
-
Addie
Gentoo
Chinstrop
-
Rockhopper
-
Mocoroni
-
Royal
I
Flordlond
I
Snares
I
Erect-crested
-
- Northern blue
a
White-f li ppered
D
Southern blue
- Yellow-eyed
Mogellonic
Peruvian
I
Golapaqos
I
- !
, Blockfooted
-
No. of species
eL
4 -
L
I
I
I
Equotor
20°
4 0 '
60"
E
0
FIG. 6. Latitudinal spread of penguin breeding areas.
2. Geographic Ranges and Ecology
a. South America
Penguins breed along the western coast of South America from the
Galapagos Islands to Tierra del Fuego, excluding only the northern
Equadorian and Columbian coasts. On the east cokst they breed only
as far north as the 41st parallel (Murphy, 1936, p. 444). Western and