48
F. B. SHORLAND
Although many seed oils in the group have been examined, their
fatty acid compositions usually conform fairly closely to that of cottonseed (Gossypium arbor eum) oil (251), which has the following fatty
acid composition (weight %): myristic, 3.3; palmitic, 19.9; stearic, 1.3;
arachidic, 0.6; oleic, 29.6; and linoleic, 45.3.
The regular monotony is broken by the appearance of 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid in the seed oils of the Strophcmthus genus
(Apocyanaceae) (25, 252). Reference has been made to the occurrence
of vernolic (12,13-epoxyoctadec-9-enoic) acid in the seed oils of
Vernonia anthelmintica (Compositae) and in Cephalocroton cordofanus
(Euphorbiaceae). Recently this acid has also been shown to be present
in the seed oil of Hibiscus esculentus Linn (253). In the same family
(Malvaceae) there has also been reported in the seed oil of Malva
verticiUata and M. parviflora the occurrence of a Ci 8 acid containing a
cyclopropene ring analogous in structure to sterculio acid (254, 255).
(4) Seed fats containing characteristic acids other than or in addition to oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids.
(a) Seed fats with petroselinic (octadec-6-enoic) acid as a major
component: Petroselinic acid is characteristic of the Umbelliferae
family, and is also known to occur in the Araliaceae family. A well
known example is parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seed oil, which has
the following fatty acid composition (weight %): palmitic, 3; oleic, 15;
linoleic, 6; and petroselinic, 76 (256).
(b) Seed fats with tariric or other ethynoid acid as a major component: Tariric (octadec-6-ynoic) acid occurs in the genus Picramnia.
a member of the Simarubaceae family, the seed fats of other plants belonging to this family being variable and quite different. In Picramnia
sp. seed fat, Steger and van Loon found 95% tariric acid (257) Onguekoa
gore (Olacaceae) seed fat contains chiefly 8-hydroxyoctadec-17-en-9,lldiynoic (258) and octadec-17-en-9,ll-diynoic acids (42). Another genus
of the Olacaceae family, Ximenia, contains in its seed fats octadec-11en-9-ynoic acid (ximenynic acid) (43, 44). The 11,12 double bond has
the trans configuration (259). The seed fats of Santalaceae species have
also been shown to contain ximenynic acid (260, 261).
(c) Seed fats with cyclic unsaturated acids as major components:
The Ci 6 and Ci 8 acids with a terminal cyclopentenyl ring, as in chaulmoogric acid (XV)
CH=CH
|
^>CH(CH 2 ) 12 COOH
CH 2 —CH 2
(XV)
F. B. SHORLAND
Although many seed oils in the group have been examined, their
fatty acid compositions usually conform fairly closely to that of cottonseed (Gossypium arbor eum) oil (251), which has the following fatty
acid composition (weight %): myristic, 3.3; palmitic, 19.9; stearic, 1.3;
arachidic, 0.6; oleic, 29.6; and linoleic, 45.3.
The regular monotony is broken by the appearance of 9-hydroxyoctadec-12-enoic acid in the seed oils of the Strophcmthus genus
(Apocyanaceae) (25, 252). Reference has been made to the occurrence
of vernolic (12,13-epoxyoctadec-9-enoic) acid in the seed oils of
Vernonia anthelmintica (Compositae) and in Cephalocroton cordofanus
(Euphorbiaceae). Recently this acid has also been shown to be present
in the seed oil of Hibiscus esculentus Linn (253). In the same family
(Malvaceae) there has also been reported in the seed oil of Malva
verticiUata and M. parviflora the occurrence of a Ci 8 acid containing a
cyclopropene ring analogous in structure to sterculio acid (254, 255).
(4) Seed fats containing characteristic acids other than or in addition to oleic, linoleic, and palmitic acids.
(a) Seed fats with petroselinic (octadec-6-enoic) acid as a major
component: Petroselinic acid is characteristic of the Umbelliferae
family, and is also known to occur in the Araliaceae family. A well
known example is parsley (Petroselinum sativum) seed oil, which has
the following fatty acid composition (weight %): palmitic, 3; oleic, 15;
linoleic, 6; and petroselinic, 76 (256).
(b) Seed fats with tariric or other ethynoid acid as a major component: Tariric (octadec-6-ynoic) acid occurs in the genus Picramnia.
a member of the Simarubaceae family, the seed fats of other plants belonging to this family being variable and quite different. In Picramnia
sp. seed fat, Steger and van Loon found 95% tariric acid (257) Onguekoa
gore (Olacaceae) seed fat contains chiefly 8-hydroxyoctadec-17-en-9,lldiynoic (258) and octadec-17-en-9,ll-diynoic acids (42). Another genus
of the Olacaceae family, Ximenia, contains in its seed fats octadec-11en-9-ynoic acid (ximenynic acid) (43, 44). The 11,12 double bond has
the trans configuration (259). The seed fats of Santalaceae species have
also been shown to contain ximenynic acid (260, 261).
(c) Seed fats with cyclic unsaturated acids as major components:
The Ci 6 and Ci 8 acids with a terminal cyclopentenyl ring, as in chaulmoogric acid (XV)
CH=CH
|
^>CH(CH 2 ) 12 COOH
CH 2 —CH 2
(XV)