2. THERMODYNAMICS OF LIVING SYSTEMS
53
where i is the current density and φ is the potential, v is the differential operator
A + ± + A
dx
dy
dz
Assuming the electrical energy to be entirely dissipated as heat to the
surroundings at temperature T, then the rate of entropy production is
dS _
dt
=
We may write this as
where
\_dW_
T dt
or
T—
=
dt
-iV
Τθ =
J-X
J = i
X = -νφ
(87)
(88)
2. Entropy Production in Isothermal Diffusion
Imagine a small volume element as represented in Fig. 3. Suppose
that there are ni moles of substance passing through face 1 and an
FIG. 3. Volume element.
amount of [ni + {dnjQX) dx] leaving the other opposite face, e.g., face
2. The corresponding free energy increase would be
AF = η { μ { + ^dx-μ^η^η^αχ
Let Ji be the flux of i per unit time per unit area. Then
, _ 1 dn,
■'~Λ~άΊ
(89)
(90)
53
where i is the current density and φ is the potential, v is the differential operator
A + ± + A
dx
dy
dz
Assuming the electrical energy to be entirely dissipated as heat to the
surroundings at temperature T, then the rate of entropy production is
dS _
dt
=
We may write this as
where
\_dW_
T dt
or
T—
=
dt
-iV
Τθ =
J-X
J = i
X = -νφ
(87)
(88)
2. Entropy Production in Isothermal Diffusion
Imagine a small volume element as represented in Fig. 3. Suppose
that there are ni moles of substance passing through face 1 and an
FIG. 3. Volume element.
amount of [ni + {dnjQX) dx] leaving the other opposite face, e.g., face
2. The corresponding free energy increase would be
AF = η { μ { + ^dx-μ^η^η^αχ
Let Ji be the flux of i per unit time per unit area. Then
, _ 1 dn,
■'~Λ~άΊ
(89)
(90)