586
SUBJECT INDEX
biological reactions and, 488-489
cell proliferation and, 494
reaction rate and, 60-62, 72-73
size and, 502-503
Temperature coefficient, biological
processes and, 61, 490
Tench,
cone vision of, 315
porphyropsin and, 320
Tenebrio molitor,
butyrobetaine and, 198
carnitine and, 197
Testosterone, ergothioneine and, 201
Testudo graeca,
adenosine triphosphate and, 129
visual pigment and, 323
T etrahymena,
carnitine and, 197
cytochrome chain and, 455
phosphagens and, 154
Tetrametaphosphatase, 130
Tetrametaphosphate, see Polyphosphates
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide,
biosynthesis of, 190
distribution of, 182
Tetrathionate,
formation of, 375, 377
oxidation of, 380
photo-lithotrophy and, 356
sulfur formation and, 378
Thais ßoridiana, choline esters and, 195
Thallophyta, xix, xxi
Thamnophis radix, temperature limits
and, 489
Thenard, 11
Thermal energy,
cryophils and, 497-498
evolution and, 508
homoiotherms and, 494^-497
loss of, 492-493
protection against, 501-508
requirement for, 487-490
thermophils and, 498-501
Thermodynamics,
classical, 16-50
comparative biochemistry and, 12
first law, 25-26
applications of, 26-28
open systems and, 50-60
reaction rates and, 60-73
reversible processes and, 24-25
second law, 115
equilibrium constant and, 36-39
free energy and, 35-36
general considerations and, 28-32
life and, 34-35
oxidation potential and, 39-42
statistics and, 32-34
third law of, 42-43
Thermophilic, definition of, 488
Thermophils,
killing of, 507-508
thermal requirements and, 498-501
Thetia lyncurium, phosphagens and, 154
Thetin-homocysteine methylpherase,
enthalpy change and, 218-219
properties of, 222
reaction mechanisms and, 223-224
sedimentation of, 224-225
specificity of, 223, 227
Thetins, 110, 183
biological importance of, 205-206
Thiaminase,
acceptors and, 230
exchange reactions and, 218, 230, 232
Thiamine,
biosynthesis of, 235
exchange reactions and, 230, 232
occurrence of, 182
thermophils and, 507
Thiamine pyrophosphate, 183
Thiazolium compounds, 183, 203
Thioacetamide,
ergothioneine and, 200
oxidation of, 400
Thioacetate, oxidation of, 400
Thiobacilli,
aerobic,
energy efficiency and, 355
substrates of, 349
organic compounds and, 365
sulfur compounds and, 371-373
thermophilic, 500
Thiobacillus concretivorus, identity of,
373
Thiobacillus denitrificans, 350
adenosine triphosphate and, 379
SUBJECT INDEX
biological reactions and, 488-489
cell proliferation and, 494
reaction rate and, 60-62, 72-73
size and, 502-503
Temperature coefficient, biological
processes and, 61, 490
Tench,
cone vision of, 315
porphyropsin and, 320
Tenebrio molitor,
butyrobetaine and, 198
carnitine and, 197
Testosterone, ergothioneine and, 201
Testudo graeca,
adenosine triphosphate and, 129
visual pigment and, 323
T etrahymena,
carnitine and, 197
cytochrome chain and, 455
phosphagens and, 154
Tetrametaphosphatase, 130
Tetrametaphosphate, see Polyphosphates
Tetramethylammonium hydroxide,
biosynthesis of, 190
distribution of, 182
Tetrathionate,
formation of, 375, 377
oxidation of, 380
photo-lithotrophy and, 356
sulfur formation and, 378
Thais ßoridiana, choline esters and, 195
Thallophyta, xix, xxi
Thamnophis radix, temperature limits
and, 489
Thenard, 11
Thermal energy,
cryophils and, 497-498
evolution and, 508
homoiotherms and, 494^-497
loss of, 492-493
protection against, 501-508
requirement for, 487-490
thermophils and, 498-501
Thermodynamics,
classical, 16-50
comparative biochemistry and, 12
first law, 25-26
applications of, 26-28
open systems and, 50-60
reaction rates and, 60-73
reversible processes and, 24-25
second law, 115
equilibrium constant and, 36-39
free energy and, 35-36
general considerations and, 28-32
life and, 34-35
oxidation potential and, 39-42
statistics and, 32-34
third law of, 42-43
Thermophilic, definition of, 488
Thermophils,
killing of, 507-508
thermal requirements and, 498-501
Thetia lyncurium, phosphagens and, 154
Thetin-homocysteine methylpherase,
enthalpy change and, 218-219
properties of, 222
reaction mechanisms and, 223-224
sedimentation of, 224-225
specificity of, 223, 227
Thetins, 110, 183
biological importance of, 205-206
Thiaminase,
acceptors and, 230
exchange reactions and, 218, 230, 232
Thiamine,
biosynthesis of, 235
exchange reactions and, 230, 232
occurrence of, 182
thermophils and, 507
Thiamine pyrophosphate, 183
Thiazolium compounds, 183, 203
Thioacetamide,
ergothioneine and, 200
oxidation of, 400
Thioacetate, oxidation of, 400
Thiobacilli,
aerobic,
energy efficiency and, 355
substrates of, 349
organic compounds and, 365
sulfur compounds and, 371-373
thermophilic, 500
Thiobacillus concretivorus, identity of,
373
Thiobacillus denitrificans, 350
adenosine triphosphate and, 379