CHAPTER 9
Comparative Biochemistry of Glycolysis
ERNEST BUEDING AND EMMANUEL FÄRBER
Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, and
Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Medicine,
New Orleans. Louisiana
I. Chemical Reactions Involved in Glycolysis
411
II. Regulatory Factors
413
A. Glucose Transport into the Cell
413
B. ADP-ATP Ratios
414
C. The Pasteur Effect
415
III. Glycolysis in Specialized Tissues and Cells
417
A. Bacteria
417
B. Plants
418
C. Protozoa
419
D. Helminths
421
E. Insects
423
F. Vertebrates
424
IV. Species and Tissue Specificities of Glycolytic Enzymes
....
428
References
431
I. Chemical Reactions Involved in Glycolysis*
The conversion of glucose or glycogen to lactic acid in living cells or
tissues is known under the term of glycolysis. The sequence of reactions
involved in this process were uncovered largely through the work of
Embden, Meyerhof, and Cori. These reactions and the enzymes catalyzing them are outlined in Table I. Glycolysis proceeds without participation of oxygen; DPN
+ is reduced during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (see Table I, Reaction 6); DPNH, in turn, is
used for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (Reaction 11) and in this
manner DPN
+ is regenerated. During the glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose,
* In this chapter the following abbreviations are used: DPN+, diphosphopyridine
nucleotide; DPNH, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide; TPN+, triphosphopyridine
nucleotide; TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide; ATP, adenosinetriphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; P i? inorganic phosphate; ATPase, adenosinetriphosphatase; HDP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate.
411
Comparative Biochemistry of Glycolysis
ERNEST BUEDING AND EMMANUEL FÄRBER
Department of Pharmacology, Louisiana State University School of Medicine, and
Department of Pathology and Biochemistry, Tulane University School of Medicine,
New Orleans. Louisiana
I. Chemical Reactions Involved in Glycolysis
411
II. Regulatory Factors
413
A. Glucose Transport into the Cell
413
B. ADP-ATP Ratios
414
C. The Pasteur Effect
415
III. Glycolysis in Specialized Tissues and Cells
417
A. Bacteria
417
B. Plants
418
C. Protozoa
419
D. Helminths
421
E. Insects
423
F. Vertebrates
424
IV. Species and Tissue Specificities of Glycolytic Enzymes
....
428
References
431
I. Chemical Reactions Involved in Glycolysis*
The conversion of glucose or glycogen to lactic acid in living cells or
tissues is known under the term of glycolysis. The sequence of reactions
involved in this process were uncovered largely through the work of
Embden, Meyerhof, and Cori. These reactions and the enzymes catalyzing them are outlined in Table I. Glycolysis proceeds without participation of oxygen; DPN
+ is reduced during the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (see Table I, Reaction 6); DPNH, in turn, is
used for the reduction of pyruvate to lactate (Reaction 11) and in this
manner DPN
+ is regenerated. During the glycolysis of 1 mole of glucose,
* In this chapter the following abbreviations are used: DPN+, diphosphopyridine
nucleotide; DPNH, reduced diphosphopyridine nucleotide; TPN+, triphosphopyridine
nucleotide; TPNH, reduced triphosphopyridine nucleotide; ATP, adenosinetriphosphate; ADP, adenosine diphosphate; P i? inorganic phosphate; ATPase, adenosinetriphosphatase; HDP, fructose-1,6-diphosphate.
411