786
S U B J E C T I N D E X
Valine—continued
utilized b y kidney, 303
utilized by liver, 303
Variegation ( V type, position effect),
4 4 1 - 2
Vascular buds,
development of, 578-9
Vegetal pole, 161-2
Veronal,
as buffer, 24
Versene ( E D T A ) ,
and blebs on cell surface, 155
and dissociation o f cells, 52, 510
on liver cells, 53
on thyroid cells, 477
Vesicles,
blastodermic, 577
ectodermal, 544, 549
Viability,
of different cell types, 69
Villi,
intestinal, 145
trophoblastic, 578
Virus,
cell cultures and, 61
-cell interactions, 467
cells for the study of, 8, 10-11
development the study of, in tissue
culture, 12
infection o f cells by, 505, 521
and mitosis, 229
and nucleic acids, 318
Viscosity,
in suspension cultures, 23, 69
Vital dyes,
as detectors o f enzymes, 567
for mitochondria, 5
segregation of, b y macrophages, 166
Vitamins,
and cell lines, 2 8 1 - 2
and differentiation, 469, 566
in Eagle's meduim, 110, 280
in Earle's medium, 110
early use in media, 102
in organ cultures, 76
for strain L , 110
in synthetic media, 115-16, 566
Vitamin A , 659-680
-acetate, 664
analogues of, 678
on cartilage, 309-10, 3 8 0 - 1 , 6 1 4 - 1 5 ,
663, 6 7 3 - 9
and cell membranes, 384, 6 7 9 - 8 0
and citral, 661
and cornea, 663, 672
and cystine utilization, 614
deficiency of, 660-1
differential sensitivity to, 667
and differentiation o f epithelia, 160,
305-6, 471, 660, 663 et seq.
on disaggregated cells, 471
and ear, 672, 676
and erythrocytes, 679
growth-promoting effect of, 660
and hexosamine content o f matrix, 383,
677
and hydrocortisone, 614-15
and incorporation o f sulphate, 676
instability of, in synthetic medium, 670
on limb-bone rudiments, 614-15, 663,
675
and lysosomes, 381, 383-4, 615, 679
and lysosomes in dystrophy, 311
and metachromasia, 381, 383, 614,
675-6
and mitochondria, 669-70, 672, 679
and nucleic acids, 677
and oesophagus, 6 7 0 - 1 , 673
and papain, 676
and proteolysis, 309, 381, 615
and resorption o f collagen, 310
and respiration, 677, 679
and retina, 672
reversibility o f effects of, 676
on skin, 614, 663-9, 6 7 8 - 9
storage of, 471
and synthesis o f mucopolysaccharides,
384
o n teeth, 663
and trachea, 671
and vagina, 129, 471, 669-70
Vitamin B 1 2 ,
and differentiation o f somites, 568
and growth o f strains, 115-16, 283
instability of, in media, 120
and S H groups, 568
in synthetic media, 109
Vitamins B,
as supplements, 109, 127
Vitamin G, see Ascorbic acid
Vitelline membrane,
adhesion o f blastoderm to, 554-5
preventing encapsulation, 76
V-type position effect, 4 4 1 - 2
S U B J E C T I N D E X
Valine—continued
utilized b y kidney, 303
utilized by liver, 303
Variegation ( V type, position effect),
4 4 1 - 2
Vascular buds,
development of, 578-9
Vegetal pole, 161-2
Veronal,
as buffer, 24
Versene ( E D T A ) ,
and blebs on cell surface, 155
and dissociation o f cells, 52, 510
on liver cells, 53
on thyroid cells, 477
Vesicles,
blastodermic, 577
ectodermal, 544, 549
Viability,
of different cell types, 69
Villi,
intestinal, 145
trophoblastic, 578
Virus,
cell cultures and, 61
-cell interactions, 467
cells for the study of, 8, 10-11
development the study of, in tissue
culture, 12
infection o f cells by, 505, 521
and mitosis, 229
and nucleic acids, 318
Viscosity,
in suspension cultures, 23, 69
Vital dyes,
as detectors o f enzymes, 567
for mitochondria, 5
segregation of, b y macrophages, 166
Vitamins,
and cell lines, 2 8 1 - 2
and differentiation, 469, 566
in Eagle's meduim, 110, 280
in Earle's medium, 110
early use in media, 102
in organ cultures, 76
for strain L , 110
in synthetic media, 115-16, 566
Vitamin A , 659-680
-acetate, 664
analogues of, 678
on cartilage, 309-10, 3 8 0 - 1 , 6 1 4 - 1 5 ,
663, 6 7 3 - 9
and cell membranes, 384, 6 7 9 - 8 0
and citral, 661
and cornea, 663, 672
and cystine utilization, 614
deficiency of, 660-1
differential sensitivity to, 667
and differentiation o f epithelia, 160,
305-6, 471, 660, 663 et seq.
on disaggregated cells, 471
and ear, 672, 676
and erythrocytes, 679
growth-promoting effect of, 660
and hexosamine content o f matrix, 383,
677
and hydrocortisone, 614-15
and incorporation o f sulphate, 676
instability of, in synthetic medium, 670
on limb-bone rudiments, 614-15, 663,
675
and lysosomes, 381, 383-4, 615, 679
and lysosomes in dystrophy, 311
and metachromasia, 381, 383, 614,
675-6
and mitochondria, 669-70, 672, 679
and nucleic acids, 677
and oesophagus, 6 7 0 - 1 , 673
and papain, 676
and proteolysis, 309, 381, 615
and resorption o f collagen, 310
and respiration, 677, 679
and retina, 672
reversibility o f effects of, 676
on skin, 614, 663-9, 6 7 8 - 9
storage of, 471
and synthesis o f mucopolysaccharides,
384
o n teeth, 663
and trachea, 671
and vagina, 129, 471, 669-70
Vitamin B 1 2 ,
and differentiation o f somites, 568
and growth o f strains, 115-16, 283
instability of, in media, 120
and S H groups, 568
in synthetic media, 109
Vitamins B,
as supplements, 109, 127
Vitamin G, see Ascorbic acid
Vitelline membrane,
adhesion o f blastoderm to, 554-5
preventing encapsulation, 76
V-type position effect, 4 4 1 - 2