734
S U B J E C T I N D E X
Carmine,
as marker, 560
and morphogenetic movements, 561
Carrel flask,
for cell cultures, 61
development of, 5
illustration of, 30
photography in, 43
use of, 4 1 - 3 , 61
Carrot,
and production o f hydroxyproline b y
cells of, 163
Cartilage,
amino acids and, 300
cortisone and, 612
degeneration of, 641
development of, in aggregates, 5 0 7 - 8 ,
515
differentiation of, 481
enzymes in, 648
extract of, 31
hydrocortisone and, 612-5
insulin and, 597-601
interspecific chimaeras with, 174, 5 1 1 -
12, 518
papain and, 380
parathyroid and, 646-8
position of, in aggregates, 518, 522
and sulphated polysaccharides, 26
thyroxine and, 641-2
vitamin A analogues and, 678
vitamin A and, 309-10, 380-1, 663,
673-9
Catalase,
and oxygen toxicity, 260
Cathepsin,
of chondrocytes, 6 7 8 - 9
effects o f leucine on, 572-3
and protein turnover, 309
Cations,
divalent, and cell cohesion, 5 2 - 3 , 499,
500
extraction of, by chelators, 58
and mucosubstances, 355, 357
Celite, as adsorbent, 361
Cell-binding material, 57, 521
Cell contact,
between epitheliocytes, 163
between mechanocytes, 164, 184
nature of, 62
between nerve cells, 3, 163
in re-aggregated cells, 69, 494, 496,
519-20
specificity of, 513, 520-21
with substratum, 179-180, 186-7, 494
Cell counts,
for cell aggregations, 496
Cell crowding,
and cell division, 373
and
production
o f mucopolysaccharides, 373
and rate o f O Z uptake, 373
Cell culture,
albumin and, 63
cell density in, 62, 474
characteristics of, 6 0 - 2
chondrogenic cells in, 476-7
and dedifferentiation, o f thyroid cells,
477
definition of, 1, 20
and differentiation, 469, 4 7 5 - 7 , 483
and discontinuous variation, 482
fibres in the medium of, 60
methods for, 45 et seq.
mucopolysaccharides in, 368
and nucleic acids, 322
and organ culture, compared, 483,
632-3
from single cells, 47, 474
for study of viruses, 8, 10-12, 61
sub-culture of, 60-1
thyroxine and, 639-40, 644
vessels for, 61
Cell cycle (generation time), 218-27,
4 2 0 - 2 5
and age of cells in, 323, 334-5
of chondrocytes, 476
definition of, 420
D N A in, 323-4, 334-5
phases of, 221-2
radiation on, 226-7, 228, 3 4 3 - 4
temperature and, 227
variation in, 422
Cell division (see also Cell proliferation,
Mitosis), 203-31
and adenine, 211
and anaerobiosis, 215, 225
and cell crowding, 373
characters o f daughter cells of, 66, 164
colchicine and, 212
corticosteroids and, 607, 612, 615
cytochromes and, 256
description of, 5
S U B J E C T I N D E X
Carmine,
as marker, 560
and morphogenetic movements, 561
Carrel flask,
for cell cultures, 61
development of, 5
illustration of, 30
photography in, 43
use of, 4 1 - 3 , 61
Carrot,
and production o f hydroxyproline b y
cells of, 163
Cartilage,
amino acids and, 300
cortisone and, 612
degeneration of, 641
development of, in aggregates, 5 0 7 - 8 ,
515
differentiation of, 481
enzymes in, 648
extract of, 31
hydrocortisone and, 612-5
insulin and, 597-601
interspecific chimaeras with, 174, 5 1 1 -
12, 518
papain and, 380
parathyroid and, 646-8
position of, in aggregates, 518, 522
and sulphated polysaccharides, 26
thyroxine and, 641-2
vitamin A analogues and, 678
vitamin A and, 309-10, 380-1, 663,
673-9
Catalase,
and oxygen toxicity, 260
Cathepsin,
of chondrocytes, 6 7 8 - 9
effects o f leucine on, 572-3
and protein turnover, 309
Cations,
divalent, and cell cohesion, 5 2 - 3 , 499,
500
extraction of, by chelators, 58
and mucosubstances, 355, 357
Celite, as adsorbent, 361
Cell-binding material, 57, 521
Cell contact,
between epitheliocytes, 163
between mechanocytes, 164, 184
nature of, 62
between nerve cells, 3, 163
in re-aggregated cells, 69, 494, 496,
519-20
specificity of, 513, 520-21
with substratum, 179-180, 186-7, 494
Cell counts,
for cell aggregations, 496
Cell crowding,
and cell division, 373
and
production
o f mucopolysaccharides, 373
and rate o f O Z uptake, 373
Cell culture,
albumin and, 63
cell density in, 62, 474
characteristics of, 6 0 - 2
chondrogenic cells in, 476-7
and dedifferentiation, o f thyroid cells,
477
definition of, 1, 20
and differentiation, 469, 4 7 5 - 7 , 483
and discontinuous variation, 482
fibres in the medium of, 60
methods for, 45 et seq.
mucopolysaccharides in, 368
and nucleic acids, 322
and organ culture, compared, 483,
632-3
from single cells, 47, 474
for study of viruses, 8, 10-12, 61
sub-culture of, 60-1
thyroxine and, 639-40, 644
vessels for, 61
Cell cycle (generation time), 218-27,
4 2 0 - 2 5
and age of cells in, 323, 334-5
of chondrocytes, 476
definition of, 420
D N A in, 323-4, 334-5
phases of, 221-2
radiation on, 226-7, 228, 3 4 3 - 4
temperature and, 227
variation in, 422
Cell division (see also Cell proliferation,
Mitosis), 203-31
and adenine, 211
and anaerobiosis, 215, 225
and cell crowding, 373
characters o f daughter cells of, 66, 164
colchicine and, 212
corticosteroids and, 607, 612, 615
cytochromes and, 256
description of, 5