252
J O H N P A U L
to all cells in all circumstances. Most cultured cells consume between
10~
6 and 1 0
-5 jA of oxygen per hour per cell (Table I V ) in standard
conditions, but the rate can vary considerably in a given cell as a result
of varying environmental factors, such as pH, glucose, C O s and 0 2
concentrations (Danes and Paul, 1961a, b ) . It can be increased in
T A B L E I V
Respiratory rates o f cells in culture
O x y g e n uptake
Material
/xl/mg dry /il/cell/h
Material
weight/h
x 10
6
Reference
Chick heart explants
20
Danes et al. (1954)
20
(10)
Meier (1931)
8-15
(4-8)
Laser (1933)
14-28
(7-14)
Lipmann (1932)
Strain L
12-23
(6-12)
W a r b u r g and K u b o w i t z (1927)
Strain L
2-8-5-6 Danes and Kieler (1958)
(Mouse fibroblast)
1-7
Danes and Paul (1961b)
4-8
2-7
Phillips, Andrews and Skank
(1960)
3
Siegel and Cailleau (1956)
Chang ( H u m a n conjunctiva)
7-5
3-9 ^
Siegel and Cailleau (1956)
Girardi ( H u m a n heart)
2-2
Chang ( H u m a n liver)
5-2
1 1
Henle ( H u m a n intestine)
5-5
2-9
D 9 8 ( H u m a n marrow)
6-2
2-5
D189 ( H u m a n skin)
SI80 ( H u m a n sarcoma)
3-0
2-2
1-3
> Phillips et al. (1960)
J i l l ( H u m a n leukaemia)
3-6
2-5
K B ( H u m a n carcinoma)
2-8
D 6 ( H u m a n marrow)
2-7
Ca755 ( H u m a n carcinoma)
4-9
2-9
H e L a ( H u m a n carcinoma)
8-5
3-3
H e L a ( H u m a n carcinoma)
4 - 1 5
H L M ( H u m a n liver)
H u m a n skin fibroblast
7-10
0-7-8-5
> Danes and Paul (1961a)
L5178 (Mouse l y m p h o m a )
0-43-1-3^
Figures in parentheses are approximate estimates based on the figures for Q 0i .
response to treatment with dinitrophenol or phenylenediamine or
inhibited by many metabolic inhibitors (Table V ) (Gifford and Blakey,
1959; Pace and Elrod, 1960; Packer et al., 1959; Cailleau, Moss and
Siegel, 1956; Traub and Ginsburg, 1959). It may fall temporarily, due
to leakage of intermediary metabolites from the cell, and may recover
when the leakage is made good (Danes and Paul, 1961a, b ) . When
conditions are carefully controlled, however, respiration invariably
J O H N P A U L
to all cells in all circumstances. Most cultured cells consume between
10~
6 and 1 0
-5 jA of oxygen per hour per cell (Table I V ) in standard
conditions, but the rate can vary considerably in a given cell as a result
of varying environmental factors, such as pH, glucose, C O s and 0 2
concentrations (Danes and Paul, 1961a, b ) . It can be increased in
T A B L E I V
Respiratory rates o f cells in culture
O x y g e n uptake
Material
/xl/mg dry /il/cell/h
Material
weight/h
x 10
6
Reference
Chick heart explants
20
Danes et al. (1954)
20
(10)
Meier (1931)
8-15
(4-8)
Laser (1933)
14-28
(7-14)
Lipmann (1932)
Strain L
12-23
(6-12)
W a r b u r g and K u b o w i t z (1927)
Strain L
2-8-5-6 Danes and Kieler (1958)
(Mouse fibroblast)
1-7
Danes and Paul (1961b)
4-8
2-7
Phillips, Andrews and Skank
(1960)
3
Siegel and Cailleau (1956)
Chang ( H u m a n conjunctiva)
7-5
3-9 ^
Siegel and Cailleau (1956)
Girardi ( H u m a n heart)
2-2
Chang ( H u m a n liver)
5-2
1 1
Henle ( H u m a n intestine)
5-5
2-9
D 9 8 ( H u m a n marrow)
6-2
2-5
D189 ( H u m a n skin)
SI80 ( H u m a n sarcoma)
3-0
2-2
1-3
> Phillips et al. (1960)
J i l l ( H u m a n leukaemia)
3-6
2-5
K B ( H u m a n carcinoma)
2-8
D 6 ( H u m a n marrow)
2-7
Ca755 ( H u m a n carcinoma)
4-9
2-9
H e L a ( H u m a n carcinoma)
8-5
3-3
H e L a ( H u m a n carcinoma)
4 - 1 5
H L M ( H u m a n liver)
H u m a n skin fibroblast
7-10
0-7-8-5
> Danes and Paul (1961a)
L5178 (Mouse l y m p h o m a )
0-43-1-3^
Figures in parentheses are approximate estimates based on the figures for Q 0i .
response to treatment with dinitrophenol or phenylenediamine or
inhibited by many metabolic inhibitors (Table V ) (Gifford and Blakey,
1959; Pace and Elrod, 1960; Packer et al., 1959; Cailleau, Moss and
Siegel, 1956; Traub and Ginsburg, 1959). It may fall temporarily, due
to leakage of intermediary metabolites from the cell, and may recover
when the leakage is made good (Danes and Paul, 1961a, b ) . When
conditions are carefully controlled, however, respiration invariably