7 .
C A R B O H Y D R A T E
A N D E N E R G Y M E T A B O L I S M
2 4 5
Carbohydrate
G
£
c J
H
_< ^ ^ H3
References
CJ'
b
£
«
«
3 £
.>
S
£Tc
o
^
x
A
j
e £
A
S
o j § D S
Hexoses
Glucose
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Mannose
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
-
1,2,3,4
Fructose
+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +
+
1 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Galactose*
+ + + + + + + +
0
+ 4 - + +
+ 0 / + + +
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5
Sorbose
0
0
0
0
0
0
0 + 0
-
1,2,4
Allose
_
0
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
l
Altrose
_
0
-
-
-
-
0
-
-
-
l
Gulose
_
_
_
0
-
-
0
-
-
-
l
L-rhamnose
-
-
-
0
-
-
0
0
-
- 1 , 4
Pentoses
Xylose
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
0
0
+ 1 , 3 , 4 , 5
Ribose*
0
+
+
+
0
0
0
0
0
- l , 2 , 4
Lyxose
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
l
,
2
Deoxyribose
—
—
-
-
-
0 -
2
Arabinose
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
- 1 , 2 , 3 , 4
L-arabinose
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
- 1 , 2 , 4
Talose
-
+
-
-
-
-
+
-
-
- 1
Alcohols
Sorbitol
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
- 1 , 2 , 4
Mannitol
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
+
0
-
1,2,4
Arabitol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
2
Dulcitol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
2
Erythritol
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
2
Xylitol
-
0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
1
Methyl sugars
Fucose
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
2
Rhamnose
— -
—
-
—
-
—
-
0 —
2
Methylglucosides
Methyi-a-D-glucoside -
-
-
0
-
-
0
0
+
- 2 , 4
Methyl-0-D-glucoside -
-
-
0
-
-
0
-
-
- 2 , 4
Methyl-D-mannoside
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
-
2
Disaccharides
Maltose*
+ + + • - 2, 3, 4
Turanose
+ + + + + + + +
-
+ + + + - + + • -
1,2
Trehalose
+ + + + + + + + - + + + + -
0
-
1,2
Cellobiose
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
0
0
-
1,2,4
Lactose
-
0
0
-
0
-
0
0
0
-
1,2,3, 4
Sucrose
-
-
0
-
0
-
0
0
0
-
1,2,3, 4
Melibiose
+
+
+
+
-
+
+
0
0
-
2,4
Trisaccharides
Raffinose
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0
0
- 2 , 3 , 4
Melezitose
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
0
-
2
TABLE I I I
Efficiency o f different carbohydrates as sole carbohydrate sources for animal cells.