182
T. BEHGAN
Type 5 S. dysenteriae has lipopolysaccharide containing carboxyethylrhamnose and carboxyethylglucose (Kochetkov, 1976).
In S. Jlexneri types l b and Y, the repeating unit consists of glucose,
N-acetyl-glucosamine, and two rhamnose residues. I n the type lb, Nacetyl-glucosamine and two rhamnose residues are found (Beer and Seltmann, 1973 ; Lindberg et al., 1972). All S. Jlexneri serotypes except type 6,
have 0-specific polysaccharides with the same repeating unit, N-acetylglucosamine and two rhamnose residues. T h e individual serotypes, in
addition, have side chains of glucose or 0-acetylation (Seltmann, 1972).
As in Salmonella, S . Jlexneri cell walls have lipid-A, an R-specific core and
an S-portion which is the basis for the group and the type antigens in
Shigella (e.g. Seltmann, 1972; Seltman and Beer, 1972). The S. Jlexneri
core contains galactose, glucosamine, glucose, heptose, and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO) (Hannecart-Pokorni et al., 1976). The lipopolysaccharide also contains 3,6-dideoxyhexose, galactosamine, mannose, rhamnose,
and L-quinovosamine. By chemical composition, eight chemotypes have
been differentiated, i.e. fewer different categories than are differentiable
serologically.
The 0-antigens are divided into separate serogroups labelled A, B, C,
and D, each corresponding to one of the four Shigella nomenspecies. Each
serogroup is subdivided by distinctive antigens referred to as serotype,
subserogroup, or main antigen, designated by arabic numerals (Table 11).
Legend to Table I1
References: Carpenter (1974), Ewing and Carpenter (1966), Slopek (1968),
Kauffmann (1954).
a S.6. = S. boydii
S.d. = S. dyscnteriae
S.f. = S . jlexneri
S.S. = S. sonnei
b Shiga’s bacterium. Produces the exotoxin Shiga toxin. Formerly called S.
c Previously named S. ambigua or S . schmitaii., B. ambiguus.
shigae, ’ 9. shigu krusei, or Shiga-Kruse bacillus.
Previously named S. arabinotarda A. S. dysenteriae types 3-7 belonged to
previous Large-Sachs group.
e Previously named S. arabinotarda B. Synonyms: S. paradysenteriae and
Bacterium paradysenteriae.
f Flexner’s bacterium.
0 Previously named S. nezucastle.
h Previously named S. etousa.
4 S. ceylonensis, Sonne-Duval bacillus, and Kruse type E = Bacterium paradysenteriae belong to S. sonnei.
1 Should contain mannitol negative cultures that contain main type 4 antigenlike entities variously referred to as s. rabaulensis, s. rio, and s. saigomnsis (Kauffmann, 1954).
T. BEHGAN
Type 5 S. dysenteriae has lipopolysaccharide containing carboxyethylrhamnose and carboxyethylglucose (Kochetkov, 1976).
In S. Jlexneri types l b and Y, the repeating unit consists of glucose,
N-acetyl-glucosamine, and two rhamnose residues. I n the type lb, Nacetyl-glucosamine and two rhamnose residues are found (Beer and Seltmann, 1973 ; Lindberg et al., 1972). All S. Jlexneri serotypes except type 6,
have 0-specific polysaccharides with the same repeating unit, N-acetylglucosamine and two rhamnose residues. T h e individual serotypes, in
addition, have side chains of glucose or 0-acetylation (Seltmann, 1972).
As in Salmonella, S . Jlexneri cell walls have lipid-A, an R-specific core and
an S-portion which is the basis for the group and the type antigens in
Shigella (e.g. Seltmann, 1972; Seltman and Beer, 1972). The S. Jlexneri
core contains galactose, glucosamine, glucose, heptose, and 3-deoxyoctulosonic acid (KDO) (Hannecart-Pokorni et al., 1976). The lipopolysaccharide also contains 3,6-dideoxyhexose, galactosamine, mannose, rhamnose,
and L-quinovosamine. By chemical composition, eight chemotypes have
been differentiated, i.e. fewer different categories than are differentiable
serologically.
The 0-antigens are divided into separate serogroups labelled A, B, C,
and D, each corresponding to one of the four Shigella nomenspecies. Each
serogroup is subdivided by distinctive antigens referred to as serotype,
subserogroup, or main antigen, designated by arabic numerals (Table 11).
Legend to Table I1
References: Carpenter (1974), Ewing and Carpenter (1966), Slopek (1968),
Kauffmann (1954).
a S.6. = S. boydii
S.d. = S. dyscnteriae
S.f. = S . jlexneri
S.S. = S. sonnei
b Shiga’s bacterium. Produces the exotoxin Shiga toxin. Formerly called S.
c Previously named S. ambigua or S . schmitaii., B. ambiguus.
shigae, ’ 9. shigu krusei, or Shiga-Kruse bacillus.
Previously named S. arabinotarda A. S. dysenteriae types 3-7 belonged to
previous Large-Sachs group.
e Previously named S. arabinotarda B. Synonyms: S. paradysenteriae and
Bacterium paradysenteriae.
f Flexner’s bacterium.
0 Previously named S. nezucastle.
h Previously named S. etousa.
4 S. ceylonensis, Sonne-Duval bacillus, and Kruse type E = Bacterium paradysenteriae belong to S. sonnei.
1 Should contain mannitol negative cultures that contain main type 4 antigenlike entities variously referred to as s. rabaulensis, s. rio, and s. saigomnsis (Kauffmann, 1954).