2.5. Sources of Data for the Mathematical
Model
63
(d)
RECREATION
Recreation benefits have been calculated in terms of the projected number of persons coming to a reservoir over a period of time [Clawson and
Knetsch, 1966; Merewitz, 1966; Tussey, 1967; Sirles, 1968; Stewart and
Fraser, 1969]. These benefits have been correlated with the surface area of
the reservoir and the month of the year. By this analysis the profile of
future recreation demands [Ru in constraint (2.9)] and the minimum
recreation level for each reservoir [&y r in constraint (2.8)] can be determined. A profile of future recreational visits to the reservoirs in the area
was assumed, and the surface reservoir area needed was calculated from
the correlations available for the reservoirs.
2.5.4. Costs of
Reservoirs
For any selected reservoir design the capital cost of the reservoir is essentially the same, no matter what the purpose of the dam. Costs include
land acquisition and clearing, relocation of structures and roads, the dam
itself and its allied works, and diking, access, and service facilities. Design
and estimating procedures for dams and reservoirs are well established, and
rapid improvements in estimation techniques are being made as computer
technology is utilized increasingly for this task (e.g., Weaver [1963]).
Costs for actual dams in Scotland (Clatteringshaws Reservoir) and in the
Clearwater and Lehigh River Basin in the United States have been reported by Guthrie [1958], Bower [1962], and Hufschmidt and Fiering
[1966]. In each case the cost of the reservoir was correlated with the
capacity of the water behind the dam.
The capital costs of new projects [Cj t in the objective function (2.1)]
and also the capacities of these reservoirs [Vj in constraint (2.17)] have
been taken directly from the data cited above.
2.5.5. Importation
of Water
The model has incorporated a term to allow for the importation of water
from without the basin to meet in-basin needs. This water could be transferred on an interbasin, interstate, or international basis. The unit cost of
imported water [Hu% in the cited example of Eq. (2.7)] and maximum
allowable amount of imported water {J it in constraint (2.14)] are arranged
by compact or treaty between the entities involved. In the example solution of the optimal expansion problem described in Chapter 4, "reasonable"
values of H ijt and J it are assumed.
Model
63
(d)
RECREATION
Recreation benefits have been calculated in terms of the projected number of persons coming to a reservoir over a period of time [Clawson and
Knetsch, 1966; Merewitz, 1966; Tussey, 1967; Sirles, 1968; Stewart and
Fraser, 1969]. These benefits have been correlated with the surface area of
the reservoir and the month of the year. By this analysis the profile of
future recreation demands [Ru in constraint (2.9)] and the minimum
recreation level for each reservoir [&y r in constraint (2.8)] can be determined. A profile of future recreational visits to the reservoirs in the area
was assumed, and the surface reservoir area needed was calculated from
the correlations available for the reservoirs.
2.5.4. Costs of
Reservoirs
For any selected reservoir design the capital cost of the reservoir is essentially the same, no matter what the purpose of the dam. Costs include
land acquisition and clearing, relocation of structures and roads, the dam
itself and its allied works, and diking, access, and service facilities. Design
and estimating procedures for dams and reservoirs are well established, and
rapid improvements in estimation techniques are being made as computer
technology is utilized increasingly for this task (e.g., Weaver [1963]).
Costs for actual dams in Scotland (Clatteringshaws Reservoir) and in the
Clearwater and Lehigh River Basin in the United States have been reported by Guthrie [1958], Bower [1962], and Hufschmidt and Fiering
[1966]. In each case the cost of the reservoir was correlated with the
capacity of the water behind the dam.
The capital costs of new projects [Cj t in the objective function (2.1)]
and also the capacities of these reservoirs [Vj in constraint (2.17)] have
been taken directly from the data cited above.
2.5.5. Importation
of Water
The model has incorporated a term to allow for the importation of water
from without the basin to meet in-basin needs. This water could be transferred on an interbasin, interstate, or international basis. The unit cost of
imported water [Hu% in the cited example of Eq. (2.7)] and maximum
allowable amount of imported water {J it in constraint (2.14)] are arranged
by compact or treaty between the entities involved. In the example solution of the optimal expansion problem described in Chapter 4, "reasonable"
values of H ijt and J it are assumed.