60
2. Formulating
the
Problem
2.5.3· Water Use in the Various Economic
Sectors
Water use data for the United States and its major regions have been
given quinquennially since 1950 by the U.S. Geological Survey for the
major water-using sectors and a number of specific industries (see U.S.
Geological Survey Circ. [1951, 1956, 1961].
The United Nations, through its agencies, is one of the best sources of
general information on water use. One of its agencies, the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), has published a comprehensive series
of reports on water use, sector by sector for each country [ECLA, 1961,
1964] as well as a general overview of the demand for water [ECLA,
1963a, b].
In the following paragraphs we will indicate appropriate sources of information for irrigation, municipal and industrial water use, hydroelectric
energy generation, and the cost of recreation.
(a)
IRRIGATION
For the United States, the most comprehensive source of irrigation data
is the quinquennial U.S. Census of Agriculture [1969] that is published
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Volume I
provides data on irrigated acreage by crop type in each county. Volume
III gives the total irrigated acreage within particular portions of a given
river system. Abundant and useful information is also available from two
other Federal agencies, namely the U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service. For countries other than the United States the F od
and Agricultural Yearbook [United Nations, 1970] collates irrigation, crop
acreage, and production, nation by nation.
Irrigation revenue coefficients are needed in the model to calculate the
return of Eq. (2.7); they are determined by finding from the historical
records of the region of interest the net increase in benefits to that region
when the change from dryland farming to irrigation farming was made
(See Section 2.3.3).
Consumptive irrigation data are needed to calculate the profile of total
irrigation demands [Gu in constraint (2.12)] such as shown in Fig. 2.6.
Consumptive use is the total quantity of water per acre per time period
(regardless of source) required by a given crop within some defined area
for the full development of that crop. The actual water requirements are
obtained by dividing the consumptive use by an efficiency factor that is
the ratio of water consumed by the crop to the amount diverted into the
irrigated area. Considerable research and experimentation has taken place
to determine the consumptive use of water for crops. Agriculturists have
2. Formulating
the
Problem
2.5.3· Water Use in the Various Economic
Sectors
Water use data for the United States and its major regions have been
given quinquennially since 1950 by the U.S. Geological Survey for the
major water-using sectors and a number of specific industries (see U.S.
Geological Survey Circ. [1951, 1956, 1961].
The United Nations, through its agencies, is one of the best sources of
general information on water use. One of its agencies, the Economic Commission for Latin America (ECLA), has published a comprehensive series
of reports on water use, sector by sector for each country [ECLA, 1961,
1964] as well as a general overview of the demand for water [ECLA,
1963a, b].
In the following paragraphs we will indicate appropriate sources of information for irrigation, municipal and industrial water use, hydroelectric
energy generation, and the cost of recreation.
(a)
IRRIGATION
For the United States, the most comprehensive source of irrigation data
is the quinquennial U.S. Census of Agriculture [1969] that is published
by the U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census. Volume I
provides data on irrigated acreage by crop type in each county. Volume
III gives the total irrigated acreage within particular portions of a given
river system. Abundant and useful information is also available from two
other Federal agencies, namely the U.S. Department of the Interior,
Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Soil
Conservation Service. For countries other than the United States the F od
and Agricultural Yearbook [United Nations, 1970] collates irrigation, crop
acreage, and production, nation by nation.
Irrigation revenue coefficients are needed in the model to calculate the
return of Eq. (2.7); they are determined by finding from the historical
records of the region of interest the net increase in benefits to that region
when the change from dryland farming to irrigation farming was made
(See Section 2.3.3).
Consumptive irrigation data are needed to calculate the profile of total
irrigation demands [Gu in constraint (2.12)] such as shown in Fig. 2.6.
Consumptive use is the total quantity of water per acre per time period
(regardless of source) required by a given crop within some defined area
for the full development of that crop. The actual water requirements are
obtained by dividing the consumptive use by an efficiency factor that is
the ratio of water consumed by the crop to the amount diverted into the
irrigated area. Considerable research and experimentation has taken place
to determine the consumptive use of water for crops. Agriculturists have