SUBJECT INDEX
577
fixation, 73, 74, 183-184, 186
microorganisms and, 72, 73
in soils, 62, 67, 69
North African deserts
fungi of, 76
gypsum in, 56
halophytes of, 293
insects of, 312
lichens of, 190, 191
silcrete of, 57
Northern platyfish, 458
N'si, 139
Nubian Aquifer, 21-23
Nubian Desert, 104
climate, 224
O
Oak, 195, 237, 507, 510
Oases, 127
humidity in, 122
irrigation of, 131
of Nubian Aquifer, 21
wells in, 131
Ocotillo, 500, 506
Olive trees, 217
Ordos Desert, 85
climate, 224, 225
Organic matter
in fishes' diets, 466
production, 255
in soils, 67-69
Organ pipe cactus, 500, 507, 509, 515
Orthents, 37
Orthids, 40-42
Oryx, water source for, 336
Osmoregulation, in cockroach, 344-346
Osmosis, groundwater movement and,
3
Osmotic potential, 229, 243-247, 249
anatomy and morphology related to,
255-262
annual variations, 237-238
diurnal fluctuation, 234-237
ecological plant types and, 238-239,
241
growth and
organic matter production and,
249-255
xeromorphism and, 242-249
in halophytes, 279-281, 286-288, 290,
293-294, 296, 301
optimal, 233-234
Osmotic pressure, 242
salt and, 69
Overgrazing, 393
water penetration and, 62
Oxidation water, 345
in insects, 337-339
Oxygen
effects on fishes, 428-431, 463, 465
in marsh water, 397
in spring water, 396
uptake in insects, 326, 327
Oyster, 514
P
Pack rat, 503, 515
Pahrump killifish, 453
Paleargids, 40
Paleorthids, 42
Paleozoic, 25
Saharan, 107, 108-109
Palm tree, 16, 122, 132, 533
Palo verde, 506, 509, 515
Pamir Desert
algae of, 171, 178, 183
climate, 224
Papagos, see Piman Indians
Parasites
of fishes, 454
in Sahara Desert, 147
Parathormone, lack in fishes, 426
Patagonia
climate, 224
desert soils of, 88
xerophytes of, 267
Patata, 515
Pavements, 57
algae under, 176
composition, 49-50
development, 49
distribution, 50
nature, 48-49
Peach, salt tolerance, 18
Pear, salt tolerance, 18
Pecos gambusia, 458
Pecos River, 403
gypsum sand dunes of, 55
577
fixation, 73, 74, 183-184, 186
microorganisms and, 72, 73
in soils, 62, 67, 69
North African deserts
fungi of, 76
gypsum in, 56
halophytes of, 293
insects of, 312
lichens of, 190, 191
silcrete of, 57
Northern platyfish, 458
N'si, 139
Nubian Aquifer, 21-23
Nubian Desert, 104
climate, 224
O
Oak, 195, 237, 507, 510
Oases, 127
humidity in, 122
irrigation of, 131
of Nubian Aquifer, 21
wells in, 131
Ocotillo, 500, 506
Olive trees, 217
Ordos Desert, 85
climate, 224, 225
Organic matter
in fishes' diets, 466
production, 255
in soils, 67-69
Organ pipe cactus, 500, 507, 509, 515
Orthents, 37
Orthids, 40-42
Oryx, water source for, 336
Osmoregulation, in cockroach, 344-346
Osmosis, groundwater movement and,
3
Osmotic potential, 229, 243-247, 249
anatomy and morphology related to,
255-262
annual variations, 237-238
diurnal fluctuation, 234-237
ecological plant types and, 238-239,
241
growth and
organic matter production and,
249-255
xeromorphism and, 242-249
in halophytes, 279-281, 286-288, 290,
293-294, 296, 301
optimal, 233-234
Osmotic pressure, 242
salt and, 69
Overgrazing, 393
water penetration and, 62
Oxidation water, 345
in insects, 337-339
Oxygen
effects on fishes, 428-431, 463, 465
in marsh water, 397
in spring water, 396
uptake in insects, 326, 327
Oyster, 514
P
Pack rat, 503, 515
Pahrump killifish, 453
Paleargids, 40
Paleorthids, 42
Paleozoic, 25
Saharan, 107, 108-109
Palm tree, 16, 122, 132, 533
Palo verde, 506, 509, 515
Pamir Desert
algae of, 171, 178, 183
climate, 224
Papagos, see Piman Indians
Parasites
of fishes, 454
in Sahara Desert, 147
Parathormone, lack in fishes, 426
Patagonia
climate, 224
desert soils of, 88
xerophytes of, 267
Patata, 515
Pavements, 57
algae under, 176
composition, 49-50
development, 49
distribution, 50
nature, 48-49
Peach, salt tolerance, 18
Pear, salt tolerance, 18
Pecos gambusia, 458
Pecos River, 403
gypsum sand dunes of, 55