568
SUBJECT INDEX
Cahitans, 493
Calcic horizon, 38, 41
Calciorthids, 41
Calcitonin, 426
Calcium, 57, 60, 70
in fishes, 426
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
phosphorus availability and, 66
in Sahara Desert, 128
Calcium sulfate, see Gypsum
Calcrete, 57
California, 13
nitrogen in soils, 62
xerophytes of, 266
Californian deserts, see also Death
Valley; Mojave Desert
algae of, 74
evaporation in, 122
insects of, 312
Cambic horizon, 38, 41
Camborthids, 41
Camel, 103, 532, 542
Camel spider, 312
tolerance of high temperature, 348
Capillary action, 3-4, 5
loss of groundwater through, 17-18
Carbon, algal fixation, 73, 74
Carbonates, 43, 57, 60, 61
in Argids, 40
in Aridisols, 34, 54
characteristics, 53-54
chlorosis and, 70
in groundwater, 18, 25-26, 275
origin, 54
in Orthids, 41, 42
in pavements, 48, 50
pH and, 421
in Sahara Desert, 79
secretion by plants, 147
soil crusts and, 52
in spring water, 396
in subsurface horizons, 38, 39
Carbon dioxide
absorption and transpiration in succulents, 273-274
cyclical release in insects, 326
diurnal organic acid cycle and,
272-273
effects on fishes, 431-432
lichens and, 196-197, 264
in marsh water, 397
moisture and, 265
negative balance, 233
pH and, 421
plant uptake, 241
uric acid and, 328
water consumption in insects and, 336
Careless weed, 515
Carp, 432, 452
Carpentaria Subbasin, 24
Cartography, of Saharan vegetation, 150
Caspian depression, soil of, 275
Catclaw, 500
Catfish, 401, 437, 467
Catostomid fishes, 404, 456, 466
Cattle, 87, 323
salt tolerance, 18
Caucasus, pavements of, 50
Centipede, 312
Central Asia, 81
clay of, 42
micronutrients of, 67
piping in, 51
xerophytes of, 264
Central Asian deserts, 85, see also Gobi
Desert
algae of, 74, 169, 170-171, 178, 203
climate, 224, 225
halophytes of, 293, 298
humus content, 67, 68, 69
lichens of, 189, 191
microorganisms of, 72, 73, 74, 75
pavements of, 49, 50
soils of, 61, 83-85
soluble salts in, 60
Centrarchids, 451
Chad, 21, see also Sahara Desert
clay plains in, 44
Chad-Logone Valley, piping in, 51
Chameau (camel), 103
Characids, 444
Charcos, 501, 507
Cheatgrass, 93
Chenopods, 397
Chihuahuan Desert, 89
soils of, 90
Chile, xerophytes of, 266
Chilean deserts, see also Atacama Desert
climate, 104, 224, 225
SUBJECT INDEX
Cahitans, 493
Calcic horizon, 38, 41
Calciorthids, 41
Calcitonin, 426
Calcium, 57, 60, 70
in fishes, 426
in groundwater, 18, 20, 277
phosphorus availability and, 66
in Sahara Desert, 128
Calcium sulfate, see Gypsum
Calcrete, 57
California, 13
nitrogen in soils, 62
xerophytes of, 266
Californian deserts, see also Death
Valley; Mojave Desert
algae of, 74
evaporation in, 122
insects of, 312
Cambic horizon, 38, 41
Camborthids, 41
Camel, 103, 532, 542
Camel spider, 312
tolerance of high temperature, 348
Capillary action, 3-4, 5
loss of groundwater through, 17-18
Carbon, algal fixation, 73, 74
Carbonates, 43, 57, 60, 61
in Argids, 40
in Aridisols, 34, 54
characteristics, 53-54
chlorosis and, 70
in groundwater, 18, 25-26, 275
origin, 54
in Orthids, 41, 42
in pavements, 48, 50
pH and, 421
in Sahara Desert, 79
secretion by plants, 147
soil crusts and, 52
in spring water, 396
in subsurface horizons, 38, 39
Carbon dioxide
absorption and transpiration in succulents, 273-274
cyclical release in insects, 326
diurnal organic acid cycle and,
272-273
effects on fishes, 431-432
lichens and, 196-197, 264
in marsh water, 397
moisture and, 265
negative balance, 233
pH and, 421
plant uptake, 241
uric acid and, 328
water consumption in insects and, 336
Careless weed, 515
Carp, 432, 452
Carpentaria Subbasin, 24
Cartography, of Saharan vegetation, 150
Caspian depression, soil of, 275
Catclaw, 500
Catfish, 401, 437, 467
Catostomid fishes, 404, 456, 466
Cattle, 87, 323
salt tolerance, 18
Caucasus, pavements of, 50
Centipede, 312
Central Asia, 81
clay of, 42
micronutrients of, 67
piping in, 51
xerophytes of, 264
Central Asian deserts, 85, see also Gobi
Desert
algae of, 74, 169, 170-171, 178, 203
climate, 224, 225
halophytes of, 293, 298
humus content, 67, 68, 69
lichens of, 189, 191
microorganisms of, 72, 73, 74, 75
pavements of, 49, 50
soils of, 61, 83-85
soluble salts in, 60
Centrarchids, 451
Chad, 21, see also Sahara Desert
clay plains in, 44
Chad-Logone Valley, piping in, 51
Chameau (camel), 103
Characids, 444
Charcos, 501, 507
Cheatgrass, 93
Chenopods, 397
Chihuahuan Desert, 89
soils of, 90
Chile, xerophytes of, 266
Chilean deserts, see also Atacama Desert
climate, 104, 224, 225