CHAPTER 4 Volcanoes and Volcanic Hazards
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Hot spot
Hawaii
Oceanic
crust
Decompression
melting
Rising
mantle
plume
Continental
crust
Mantle rock
melts
Continental
volcanic arc
Trench
Oceanic
crust
Continental
crust
Mantle rock
melts
Marginal
sea
Volcanic
island arc
Trench
Asthenosphere
Oceanic
crust
Water driven
from plate
A. Convergent plate volcanism
(Island arc)
E. Convergent plate volcanism
(Continental volcanic arc)
Water driven
from plate
C. Intraplate volcanism
(Oceanic)
Mount Augustine, Alaska (USGS)
Kilauea, Hawaii
(J. D. Griggs/USGS)
North
America
South
America
Hawaii
S u b d u c t in g o c e a n ic
li t h o s p h e re
Sub d u c t in g o c e a n ic li t h o s p h e r e
FIGURE 4.33 Three
zones of volcanism.
Two of the zones are
associated with plate
boundaries. The third
zone includes those
volcanic structures
that are irregularly
distributed in the
interiors of plates.