vi
CONTENTS
Part II Sediment Sedimented
4 Transportation and Sedimentation
4.1 Introduction
89
4.2 Aqueous Processes
94
4.2.1 Sedimentation from Traction Currents
94
4.2.2 Sedimentation from High-Density Turbidity Currents
101
4.2.3 Sedimentation from Low-Density Turbidity Currents
106
4.3 Eolian Processes
108
4.3.1 Eolian Sedimentation from Traction Carpets
109
4.3.2 Eolian Sedimentation from Suspension
113
4.4 Glacial Processes
113
4.5 Gravitational Processes
118
4.5.1 Debris Flow
121
4.5.2 Grain Flows
123
4.5.3 Fluidized Flows
123
Selected Bibliography
124
References
125
5 Sedimentary Structures
5.1 Introduction
130
5.2 Biogenic Sedimentary Structures
133
5.3 Primary Inorganic Sedimentary Structures
136
5.3.1 Introduction
136
5.3.2 Predepositional (Interbed) Structures
138
5.3.3 Syndepositional (Intrabed) Structures
142
5.3.4 Postdepositional Sedimentary Structures
157
5.3.5 Miscellaneous Structures
162
5.4 Paleocurrent Analysis
168
5.4.1 Collection of Paleocurrent Data
168
5.4.2 Presentation of Paleocurrent Data
169
5.4.3 Interpretation of Paleocurrent Data
171
Selected Bibliography
174
References
175
6 Depositional Systems
6.1 Sedimentary Environments
181
6.1.1 Environments Defined
181
6.1.2 Environments of Erosion, Equilibrium, and Deposition
182
6.1.3 Environments Classified
184
6.2 Sedimentary Facies
187
6.3 Sedimentary Models
189
6.3.1 The Model Concept
189
6.3.2 Some Models Described
190
6.4 Sedimentary Models, Increments, and Cycles
277
6.4.1 Walther's Law
279
6.4.2 Genetic Increments and Sequences of Sedimentation
280
6.4.3 Sequence Stratigraphy
281
6.4.4 Cyclostratigraphy
286
Selected Bibliography
290
References
290