References
517
Smith, W.O. (1987) Phytoplankton dynamics in marginal ice zones. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann.
Rev. 25, 11–38.
Smith, W.O., and R.I. Brightman (1991) Phytoplankton photosynthetic response during the winterspring transition in the Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 4549–4554.
Smith, W.O., and D. J. DeMaster (1996) Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amazon
River plume: Correlation with seasonal and river discharge. Cont. Shelf Res. 16, 291–319.
Smith, W.O., and D. M. Nelson (1985) Phytoplankton biomass near a receding ice-edge in the Ross
Sea. In—Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs (W.R. Siegfried, Ed.), pp. 70–77. Springer,
Berlin.
Smith, W.O., and E. Sakshaug (1990) Polar phytoplankton. In—Polar Oceanography Part B: Chemistry, Biology, and Geology (W.O. Smith, Ed.), pp. 477–525. Springer, Berlin.
Smith, W.O., et al. (1991a) Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high-latitude ocean carbon
cycle. Nature (Lond). 352, 514–516.
Soloviev, A., and R. Lukas (1997) Observation of large diurnal warming events in the near-surface
layer of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Deep-Sea Res. 44, 1055–1076.
Soltwedel, T. (1997) Meiobenthos distribution pattern in the tropical East Atlantic: indication for
fractionated sedimentation of organic matter to the sea floor? Mar. Biol. 129, 747–756.
Somayajulu, Y.K., et al. (2003) Seasonal and inter-annual variability of surface circulation in the
Bay of Bengal from Topex/Poseidon altimetry. Deep-Sea Res. II. 50, 867–880.
Sommer, U. (1998) Marine food webs under eutrophic conditions: desirable and undesirable forms
of nutrient richness. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. (Suppl.) 6, 167–176.
Sommer, U., et al. (2002) Grazing during the early spring in the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern
Red Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 239, 251–261.
Sorokin, Y. (1983) The Black Sea. In—Ecosystems of the World, 26: Estuaries and Enclosed Seas
(B.H. Ketchum, Ed.), pp. 253–292. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sorokin, Y., and P.Y. Sorokin (2002) Microplankton and primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk
in summer 1994. J. Plankton Res. 24, 453–470.
Sorokin, Y.I., and P.Y. Sorokin (1999) Production in the Sea of Okhotsk. J. Plankton Res. 21,
201–230.
Sournia, A. (1994) Pelagic biogeography and fronts. Prog. Oceanogr. 34, 109–120.
Springer, A., and McRoy, C. P. (1993) The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering
Sea—III. Patterns of primary production. Cont. Shelf Res. 13, 575–599.
Springer, A.M., et al. (1989) The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea. II.
Zooplankton communities. Cont. Shelf Res. 9, 359–386.
Springer, A.M., et al. (1999) Marine birds and mammals of the Pacific subarctic gyres. Prog.
Oceanogr. 43, 443–487.
Sprintall, J., and M. Tomczak (1992) Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics.
J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7305–7316.
Srokosz, M.A., et al. (2004) A possible plankton wave in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31,
L13301.
Stabeno, P.J., and R.K. Reed (1992) A major circulation anomaly in the western Bering Sea. Geophys.
Res. Lett. 19, 1671–1674.
Stabeno, P.J., and R.K. Reed (1994) Circulation in the Bering Sea basin observed by satellite-tracked
drifters: 1986–1993. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24, 848–864.
Steele, J.H. (1991) Marine functional diversity. Bioscience. 41, 470–474.
Steele, J.H., and M. Schumacher (2000) Ecosystem structure before fishing, Fish. Res. 44, 201–205.
Steeman Neilsen, E. (1952) The use of radioactive carbon (C-14) for measuring organic production
in the sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 18, 117–140.
Steftaris, N., et al. (2005) Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine
species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43, 419–453.
Steinberg, D.K., et al. (2001) Overview of the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS): a
decade-scale look at ocean biology and biogeochemistry. Deep-Sea Res. II. 48, 1405–1448.
Stelfox, C.E., et al. (1999) The structure of zooplankton communities in the Arabian Sea during
and after the SW monsoon, 1994. Deep-Sea Res. II. 46, 815–842.
Stergiou, K.I. (2002) Overfishing, tropicalisation of fish stocks, uncertainty and ecosystem management: resharpening Occam’s razor. Fish. Res. 55, 1–9.
517
Smith, W.O. (1987) Phytoplankton dynamics in marginal ice zones. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann.
Rev. 25, 11–38.
Smith, W.O., and R.I. Brightman (1991) Phytoplankton photosynthetic response during the winterspring transition in the Fram Strait. J. Geophys. Res. 96, 4549–4554.
Smith, W.O., and D. J. DeMaster (1996) Phytoplankton biomass and productivity in the Amazon
River plume: Correlation with seasonal and river discharge. Cont. Shelf Res. 16, 291–319.
Smith, W.O., and D. M. Nelson (1985) Phytoplankton biomass near a receding ice-edge in the Ross
Sea. In—Antarctic Nutrient Cycles and Food Webs (W.R. Siegfried, Ed.), pp. 70–77. Springer,
Berlin.
Smith, W.O., and E. Sakshaug (1990) Polar phytoplankton. In—Polar Oceanography Part B: Chemistry, Biology, and Geology (W.O. Smith, Ed.), pp. 477–525. Springer, Berlin.
Smith, W.O., et al. (1991a) Importance of Phaeocystis blooms in the high-latitude ocean carbon
cycle. Nature (Lond). 352, 514–516.
Soloviev, A., and R. Lukas (1997) Observation of large diurnal warming events in the near-surface
layer of the western equatorial Pacific warm pool. Deep-Sea Res. 44, 1055–1076.
Soltwedel, T. (1997) Meiobenthos distribution pattern in the tropical East Atlantic: indication for
fractionated sedimentation of organic matter to the sea floor? Mar. Biol. 129, 747–756.
Somayajulu, Y.K., et al. (2003) Seasonal and inter-annual variability of surface circulation in the
Bay of Bengal from Topex/Poseidon altimetry. Deep-Sea Res. II. 50, 867–880.
Sommer, U. (1998) Marine food webs under eutrophic conditions: desirable and undesirable forms
of nutrient richness. Dtsch. Hydrogr. Z. (Suppl.) 6, 167–176.
Sommer, U., et al. (2002) Grazing during the early spring in the Gulf of Aqaba and the northern
Red Sea. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 239, 251–261.
Sorokin, Y. (1983) The Black Sea. In—Ecosystems of the World, 26: Estuaries and Enclosed Seas
(B.H. Ketchum, Ed.), pp. 253–292. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
Sorokin, Y., and P.Y. Sorokin (2002) Microplankton and primary production in the Sea of Okhotsk
in summer 1994. J. Plankton Res. 24, 453–470.
Sorokin, Y.I., and P.Y. Sorokin (1999) Production in the Sea of Okhotsk. J. Plankton Res. 21,
201–230.
Sournia, A. (1994) Pelagic biogeography and fronts. Prog. Oceanogr. 34, 109–120.
Springer, A., and McRoy, C. P. (1993) The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering
Sea—III. Patterns of primary production. Cont. Shelf Res. 13, 575–599.
Springer, A.M., et al. (1989) The paradox of pelagic food webs in the northern Bering Sea. II.
Zooplankton communities. Cont. Shelf Res. 9, 359–386.
Springer, A.M., et al. (1999) Marine birds and mammals of the Pacific subarctic gyres. Prog.
Oceanogr. 43, 443–487.
Sprintall, J., and M. Tomczak (1992) Evidence of the barrier layer in the surface layer of the tropics.
J. Geophys. Res. 97, 7305–7316.
Srokosz, M.A., et al. (2004) A possible plankton wave in the Indian Ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett. 31,
L13301.
Stabeno, P.J., and R.K. Reed (1992) A major circulation anomaly in the western Bering Sea. Geophys.
Res. Lett. 19, 1671–1674.
Stabeno, P.J., and R.K. Reed (1994) Circulation in the Bering Sea basin observed by satellite-tracked
drifters: 1986–1993. J. Phys. Oceanogr. 24, 848–864.
Steele, J.H. (1991) Marine functional diversity. Bioscience. 41, 470–474.
Steele, J.H., and M. Schumacher (2000) Ecosystem structure before fishing, Fish. Res. 44, 201–205.
Steeman Neilsen, E. (1952) The use of radioactive carbon (C-14) for measuring organic production
in the sea. J. Cons. Int. Explor. Mer. 18, 117–140.
Steftaris, N., et al. (2005) Globalisation in marine ecosystems: the story of non-indigenous marine
species across European seas. Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev. 43, 419–453.
Steinberg, D.K., et al. (2001) Overview of the US JGOFS Bermuda Atlantic Time Series (BATS): a
decade-scale look at ocean biology and biogeochemistry. Deep-Sea Res. II. 48, 1405–1448.
Stelfox, C.E., et al. (1999) The structure of zooplankton communities in the Arabian Sea during
and after the SW monsoon, 1994. Deep-Sea Res. II. 46, 815–842.
Stergiou, K.I. (2002) Overfishing, tropicalisation of fish stocks, uncertainty and ecosystem management: resharpening Occam’s razor. Fish. Res. 55, 1–9.