References
503
Margalef, R. (1997) Our Biosphere. Inter-Research, Oldendorf, Germany.
Marra, J. (1982) Variability in surface chlorophyll-a at a shelf-break front (New York Bight).
J. Mar. Res. 40, 575–591.
Marra, J., and R.T. Barber (2005) Primary productivity in the Arabian Sea: a synthesis of the JGOFS
data. Prog. Oceanogr. 65, 159–175.
Martin, J.H., and Fitzwater, S. E. (1988) Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the northeast Pacific subarctic. Nature (Lond.). 331, 341–343.
Martin, J.H., and R.M. Gordon (1988) NE Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton
productivity Deep-Sea Res. 35, 177–196.
Martin, J.H., et al. (1989) VERTEX: Phytoplankton studies in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. 36,
649–680.
Martin, J.H., et al. (1993) Iron, primary production and C-N flux studies during the JGOFS North
Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II. 40, 115–134.
Mascarenas, A.S., et al. (1971) A study of the oceanographic conditions in the region of Cabo Frio.
In—Fertility of the Sea (J.D. Costlow, Ed.), pp. 285–297. Gordon and Breach, New York.
Mas-Riera, J.A. et al., (1990) Influence of Benguela upwelling on the structure of demersal fish
populations off Namibia. Mar. Biol. 104, 175–182.
Matano, R.P., et al. (1993) Seasonal variability in the South Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 98,
18027–18035.
Mathew, B. (1982) Studies on upwelling and sinking in seas around India. Ph.D. thesis, University
of Cochin.
Matishov, G.G., et al. (2003) Contemporary state and factors of stability of the Barents Sea Large
Marine Ecosystem. In—Large Marine Ecosystems of the World; Trends in Exploitation, Protection,
Research. (G. Hempel and K. Sherman, Eds.), pp. 41–74. Elsevier, New York.
McCarthy, J.J., and J.L. Nevins (1986) Utilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus by primary producers
in warm core ring 82-B following deep convective nixing. Deep-Sea Res. 33, 1773–1788.
McCarthy, J.J., et al. (1986) Global ocean flux. Oceanus. 30, 16–26.
McCarthy, J.J., et al. (1996) New production along 140
W in the equatorial Pacific during and
following the 1991–1992 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res. II. 43, 1065–1093.
McClain, C.R., and Firestone, J. (1993) An investigation of Ekman upwelling in the North Atlantic.
J. Geophys. Res. 98, 12327–12339.
McClain, C.R., et al. (1990) Physical and biological processes in the North Atlantic during the first
Global GARP Experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 95(C10), 18027–18048.
McClain, C.R., et al. (1996) Observations and simulations of physical and biological processes at
OWS P. 1951–1980. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 3697–3713.
McClain, C.R., et al. (2004) Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean-colour satellites. Deep-Sea
Res. II. 51, 281–302.
McClanahan, T.R. (1988) Seasonality in East Africa’s coastal waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 44,
191–199.
McClatchie, S., et al. (1997) Demersal fish community diversity off New Zealand: is it related to
depth, latitude and regional surface phytoplankton? Deep-Sea Res. I. 44, 647–668.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1984) Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean.
J. Mar. Res. 42, 45–81.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1993) A numerical investigation of dynamics, thermodynamics and mixedlayer processes in the Indian Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 31, 181–244.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1996) A four component ecosystem model of biological activity in the
Arabian Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 37, 193–240.
McDonald D., et al. (1999) Multiple late quaternary episodes of exceptional diatom production in
the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II. 46, 2993–3018.
McGill, D.A. (1973) Light and nutrients in the Indian Ocean. In—The Biology of the Indian Ocean
(B. Zeitzschel, Ed.), pp. 53–102. Springer, Berlin.
McGillicuddy, D.J., Jr., and A.R. Robinson (1997) Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II. 44, 1427–1450.
McGowan, J.A. (1971) Oceanic biogeography of the Pacific. In—The Micropaleontology of the Oceans
(S.M. Funnell and W.R. Riedl, Eds.), pp. 3–74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
McGowan, J.A., and P. Walker (1979) Structure in the copepod community of the North Pacific
central gyre. Ecol. Monogr. 49, 195–226.
503
Margalef, R. (1997) Our Biosphere. Inter-Research, Oldendorf, Germany.
Marra, J. (1982) Variability in surface chlorophyll-a at a shelf-break front (New York Bight).
J. Mar. Res. 40, 575–591.
Marra, J., and R.T. Barber (2005) Primary productivity in the Arabian Sea: a synthesis of the JGOFS
data. Prog. Oceanogr. 65, 159–175.
Martin, J.H., and Fitzwater, S. E. (1988) Iron deficiency limits phytoplankton growth in the northeast Pacific subarctic. Nature (Lond.). 331, 341–343.
Martin, J.H., and R.M. Gordon (1988) NE Pacific iron distributions in relation to phytoplankton
productivity Deep-Sea Res. 35, 177–196.
Martin, J.H., et al. (1989) VERTEX: Phytoplankton studies in the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. 36,
649–680.
Martin, J.H., et al. (1993) Iron, primary production and C-N flux studies during the JGOFS North
Atlantic Bloom Experiment. Deep-Sea Res. II. 40, 115–134.
Mascarenas, A.S., et al. (1971) A study of the oceanographic conditions in the region of Cabo Frio.
In—Fertility of the Sea (J.D. Costlow, Ed.), pp. 285–297. Gordon and Breach, New York.
Mas-Riera, J.A. et al., (1990) Influence of Benguela upwelling on the structure of demersal fish
populations off Namibia. Mar. Biol. 104, 175–182.
Matano, R.P., et al. (1993) Seasonal variability in the South Atlantic. J. Geophys. Res. 98,
18027–18035.
Mathew, B. (1982) Studies on upwelling and sinking in seas around India. Ph.D. thesis, University
of Cochin.
Matishov, G.G., et al. (2003) Contemporary state and factors of stability of the Barents Sea Large
Marine Ecosystem. In—Large Marine Ecosystems of the World; Trends in Exploitation, Protection,
Research. (G. Hempel and K. Sherman, Eds.), pp. 41–74. Elsevier, New York.
McCarthy, J.J., and J.L. Nevins (1986) Utilisation of nitrogen and phosphorus by primary producers
in warm core ring 82-B following deep convective nixing. Deep-Sea Res. 33, 1773–1788.
McCarthy, J.J., et al. (1986) Global ocean flux. Oceanus. 30, 16–26.
McCarthy, J.J., et al. (1996) New production along 140
W in the equatorial Pacific during and
following the 1991–1992 El Niño. Deep-Sea Res. II. 43, 1065–1093.
McClain, C.R., and Firestone, J. (1993) An investigation of Ekman upwelling in the North Atlantic.
J. Geophys. Res. 98, 12327–12339.
McClain, C.R., et al. (1990) Physical and biological processes in the North Atlantic during the first
Global GARP Experiment. J. Geophys. Res. 95(C10), 18027–18048.
McClain, C.R., et al. (1996) Observations and simulations of physical and biological processes at
OWS P. 1951–1980. J. Geophys. Res. 101, 3697–3713.
McClain, C.R., et al. (2004) Subtropical gyre variability observed by ocean-colour satellites. Deep-Sea
Res. II. 51, 281–302.
McClanahan, T.R. (1988) Seasonality in East Africa’s coastal waters. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser. 44,
191–199.
McClatchie, S., et al. (1997) Demersal fish community diversity off New Zealand: is it related to
depth, latitude and regional surface phytoplankton? Deep-Sea Res. I. 44, 647–668.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1984) Effects of remote annual forcing in the eastern tropical Atlantic Ocean.
J. Mar. Res. 42, 45–81.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1993) A numerical investigation of dynamics, thermodynamics and mixedlayer processes in the Indian Ocean. Prog. Oceanogr. 31, 181–244.
McCreary, J.P., et al. (1996) A four component ecosystem model of biological activity in the
Arabian Sea. Prog. Oceanogr. 37, 193–240.
McDonald D., et al. (1999) Multiple late quaternary episodes of exceptional diatom production in
the Gulf of Alaska. Deep-Sea Res. II. 46, 2993–3018.
McGill, D.A. (1973) Light and nutrients in the Indian Ocean. In—The Biology of the Indian Ocean
(B. Zeitzschel, Ed.), pp. 53–102. Springer, Berlin.
McGillicuddy, D.J., Jr., and A.R. Robinson (1997) Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res. II. 44, 1427–1450.
McGowan, J.A. (1971) Oceanic biogeography of the Pacific. In—The Micropaleontology of the Oceans
(S.M. Funnell and W.R. Riedl, Eds.), pp. 3–74. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
McGowan, J.A., and P. Walker (1979) Structure in the copepod community of the North Pacific
central gyre. Ecol. Monogr. 49, 195–226.