Fig. 4.1 A relatively open Vachellia farnesiana savanna in south Texas is presented in the fi gure.
The area is on the fl oodplain of the San Antonio River. The community is approximately 25-year
post-encroachment or agricultural abandonment or 25 years into secondary succession. There are
various C 4 grasses as well as herbaceous annual and perennial plants in the community. A few
woody saplings of Celtis laevigata and Prosopis glandulosa are also present
Fig. 4.2 Photograph is a central Texas midgrass prairie demonstrating Prosopis glandulosa
encroachment and relatively open early savanna community development with a relatively low
woody plant density and cover