2
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Above all, we thank Allah Almighty for giving us the strength, courage and will to
carry out this work
Secondly, our special thanks go to our promoter “Dr. Ghazi Malika” ProfessorResearcher at ESSMAL, for trusting us and opening the doors to real scientific
research, for its availability and its follow-up near and at the heart of our work and to
make us benefit from its experiences in the field
Thank you for your patience and the kindness of your soul during this memory
We would also like to thank the jury members very warmly that they have done us the
honor of agreeing to judge this work
Mr. Boulahdid. M that he has done us the honour of accepting the presidency
Mrs. Mahdid. S to have agreed to examine and judge this modest work
Mr. Khodja.M research director, SONATRACH to have agreed to examine our work
Mr. Boudrar.A civil engineering consultant for his presence among the jury
We would also like to thank all the people they have supported us in carrying out this
final brief, many of whom, without mentioning their names, will recognize each other