Entry into Inner Space
173
by divers, by surrounding themselves with a protective capsule
containing air at normal atmospheric pressure. As early as 1934, the
Americans William Beebe and Otis Barton desCended to a…depthof
3,028 feet in the Pacic and became the rst men to witness ‘the
living constellations of the deep ocean’. Admittedly, as a means of
exploration their Baz‘Irysp/zere, which was lowered at the end of a
cable, had strict limitations, but in 1947 a free—moving craft, the
bathyscaphe, «was unveiled. The Swiss scientist, Auguste Piccard,
_
borrowing from his experience with hot air balloons, suspended a
strong pressure—r'esisting chamber, not unlikè Beebe’s, beneath a
large metal oat lled withpetrol—“a liQuid lighter than sea—water.
To descend, the underwater balloon was loaded with ballast which
'
was jettisoned for the return ascent. Vents in the oat permitted
sea—water to enter beneath the
and so equalize the pressures
inside and outside its thin walls.
The
concept placed the entire ocean Withinreach, and
bathysc‘aphes operated by the French and U;S. Navies madesucces—r
.
sively deeper and deeper »dives. Finally in 1960, Piccard’s son,
jacques, and Lieutenant Don»
in the
'
Trieste Il te 35,800 feet in the Marianas Trench in- the Pacic—the
deepest known place—in the
funderwater elevators, these
vehicles are usutpassed, bUt fŒ—extenSive underwater eXploration
and, more particularly, work‘they-leaVeä much to ”be desired. A mere
handful of bathyscaphes, such as the French Arehimêde'“lL the
American Triesz‘e [Land théSoviet;Narz“]L eXist;atpresent,;a‘nd
’
of these Archimède is probably the
_
dives to the
_
_.
directly
of the manned»sùbruétsibles which rhave,_become;
,
such a prominent feature of
submerSibles ;-operating around ;ithe world, ; only :;a few €sh0W» any—;
great afnity with,
,Ï Ç,,n« ,
»,]
of the mai1ed submersible,
existed before :…‘19‘60,1s…diicult ro trace largely}; because…several
have producedtheir ownindividual :' models within a}
short space;of«time without any
one another…
In
is comparable
to
__
water and
needslittle Variable buoyancy. ;Maÿ
have ,a spherical
“t° that
bathyscàphes,’ ”but they
dispenSe with . thé
a
range
of the:vehicle10[rather :1esserl depthsÿ The Aluminaut which can
173
by divers, by surrounding themselves with a protective capsule
containing air at normal atmospheric pressure. As early as 1934, the
Americans William Beebe and Otis Barton desCended to a…depthof
3,028 feet in the Pacic and became the rst men to witness ‘the
living constellations of the deep ocean’. Admittedly, as a means of
exploration their Baz‘Irysp/zere, which was lowered at the end of a
cable, had strict limitations, but in 1947 a free—moving craft, the
bathyscaphe, «was unveiled. The Swiss scientist, Auguste Piccard,
_
borrowing from his experience with hot air balloons, suspended a
strong pressure—r'esisting chamber, not unlikè Beebe’s, beneath a
large metal oat lled withpetrol—“a liQuid lighter than sea—water.
To descend, the underwater balloon was loaded with ballast which
'
was jettisoned for the return ascent. Vents in the oat permitted
sea—water to enter beneath the
and so equalize the pressures
inside and outside its thin walls.
The
concept placed the entire ocean Withinreach, and
bathysc‘aphes operated by the French and U;S. Navies madesucces—r
.
sively deeper and deeper »dives. Finally in 1960, Piccard’s son,
jacques, and Lieutenant Don»
in the
'
Trieste Il te 35,800 feet in the Marianas Trench in- the Pacic—the
deepest known place—in the
funderwater elevators, these
vehicles are usutpassed, bUt fŒ—extenSive underwater eXploration
and, more particularly, work‘they-leaVeä much to ”be desired. A mere
handful of bathyscaphes, such as the French Arehimêde'“lL the
American Triesz‘e [Land théSoviet;Narz“]L eXist;atpresent,;a‘nd
’
of these Archimède is probably the
_
dives to the
_
_.
directly
of the manned»sùbruétsibles which rhave,_become;
,
such a prominent feature of
submerSibles ;-operating around ;ithe world, ; only :;a few €sh0W» any—;
great afnity with,
,Ï Ç,,n« ,
»,]
of the mai1ed submersible,
existed before :…‘19‘60,1s…diicult ro trace largely}; because…several
have producedtheir ownindividual :' models within a}
short space;of«time without any
one another…
In
is comparable
to
__
water and
needslittle Variable buoyancy. ;Maÿ
have ,a spherical
“t° that
bathyscàphes,’ ”but they
dispenSe with . thé
a
range
of the:vehicle10[rather :1esserl depthsÿ The Aluminaut which can