Introduction
17
research vessel with laboratories and a different form ofarmament—
dredges, winehes, sounding ropes and nets—and only two guns.
The transformation completed, Challenger set sail almost straight
into the teeth of a storm. Far from being in the least perturbed,
Thomson considered this a good test for both the ship and its
occupants.
Challenger sailed towards Bermuda, the scientic
staff set to mastering the techniques of deep—sea investigation.
During the course of the expedition they were to make Observations
at 360 locations or stations to provide the rst overall scientic view
of the world’s oceans.
…
-
-
The expedition took place at a time of controversy, particularly in
_
the sphere of biology. Although Darwin’s treatiSe on the origin of
the species had been published just over thirteenyears earlier, the
debate on evolution continued. Every new animal or plantfound
during the voyage had to be tted somewhere into this new order of
things. And the oceans teemed with life—4,417 new species were
feund. In order to make the most of the —vast amounts «of data
collected during the long voyage, a commission was set up at
Edinburgh, rst under Thomson and then, after his death in1882,
,
under Sir John Murray, to produce a report. The report Game out in
fty volumes—two desCribing the voyage, two summarizing the
'
_
scientic results and the remainder as monographs by leading
scientists of the day including T. H. Huxley—a vigorous defender
of the theory of evolution—and E. H. Haeckel, the principal
exponentof Darwin’s views in Germany.
Other deep—sea expeditions followed: the, US. ships Blake and
_‘
Albatrass.under ]. E. Pillsbury and
Agassiz (a contributor to the
'
Challenger reports), the German National undergæy.
"
Deutschland under W. Filehner andW. Brennecke,the
Fram under F. Nansen, Prince Albert of Monacoïs ships Hir0nzlelkl
and I] and Princess Alice ]; and II, BelgicafromÿBelgirim,—gihoga
from
Netherlands, [ngolffrom Denmark,the tyaz .froi'nRu'ssia
under Admiral S.»O. Makarov, and many others. ThisWas; arr—eraof
,
exploration when oceanography was strictly deSCriptive—;and still
-
very close .toitS,geographical origin.
_
ç
“
fN0tuntilth: rgzos;did more rigorous,
start. During the period from 1925 to 1927 the German.ræearch
‘
vessel Metear made fourteen orossingsof
;Qcean on
latitudes between
and 64°S. These crossigs,Were signiCant
of
closeness “to, each other of the—‘stations-nd
because
17
research vessel with laboratories and a different form ofarmament—
dredges, winehes, sounding ropes and nets—and only two guns.
The transformation completed, Challenger set sail almost straight
into the teeth of a storm. Far from being in the least perturbed,
Thomson considered this a good test for both the ship and its
occupants.
Challenger sailed towards Bermuda, the scientic
staff set to mastering the techniques of deep—sea investigation.
During the course of the expedition they were to make Observations
at 360 locations or stations to provide the rst overall scientic view
of the world’s oceans.
…
-
-
The expedition took place at a time of controversy, particularly in
_
the sphere of biology. Although Darwin’s treatiSe on the origin of
the species had been published just over thirteenyears earlier, the
debate on evolution continued. Every new animal or plantfound
during the voyage had to be tted somewhere into this new order of
things. And the oceans teemed with life—4,417 new species were
feund. In order to make the most of the —vast amounts «of data
collected during the long voyage, a commission was set up at
Edinburgh, rst under Thomson and then, after his death in1882,
,
under Sir John Murray, to produce a report. The report Game out in
fty volumes—two desCribing the voyage, two summarizing the
'
_
scientic results and the remainder as monographs by leading
scientists of the day including T. H. Huxley—a vigorous defender
of the theory of evolution—and E. H. Haeckel, the principal
exponentof Darwin’s views in Germany.
Other deep—sea expeditions followed: the, US. ships Blake and
_‘
Albatrass.under ]. E. Pillsbury and
Agassiz (a contributor to the
'
Challenger reports), the German National undergæy.
"
Deutschland under W. Filehner andW. Brennecke,the
Fram under F. Nansen, Prince Albert of Monacoïs ships Hir0nzlelkl
and I] and Princess Alice ]; and II, BelgicafromÿBelgirim,—gihoga
from
Netherlands, [ngolffrom Denmark,the tyaz .froi'nRu'ssia
under Admiral S.»O. Makarov, and many others. ThisWas; arr—eraof
,
exploration when oceanography was strictly deSCriptive—;and still
-
very close .toitS,geographical origin.
_
ç
“
fN0tuntilth: rgzos;did more rigorous,
start. During the period from 1925 to 1927 the German.ræearch
‘
vessel Metear made fourteen orossingsof
;Qcean on
latitudes between
and 64°S. These crossigs,Were signiCant
of
closeness “to, each other of the—‘stations-nd
because