I-16
Index
receivers, GPS, 77, 80–82
reconnaissance, satellites for, 324
record, in attribute table, 110
recording tours, in GE, 394–395
recreation, GPS use in, 88–89
rectification. See transformation
red band, 299
in TM, 332
reference, spatial, 53
reference database, 229
geocoding errors resulting from, 232–233
reference map, 192, 197
reference points, in GE, 23–25
registration. See georeferencing
relational operators, 149–150
relief displacement, 277, 278f
remote sensing, 2
absorption in, 300–302, 300f
active compared with passive, 297
atmosphere role in, 300–301, 300f
BVs in, 306–307, 307f
color display of, 308–311, 308f, 309t, 310f, 310t, 311f
defined, 269, 295
EM energy in, 297–299, 297f, 298f
geospatial data collected by, 9
image display for, 306–312
obtaining software for, 314
political borders and, 328
privacy and, 302
process of, 295–296, 296f
reflectance in, 302–303
by satellites, 325–329, 325f, 327f, 328f
scattering in, 301
from space, 323–325, 324f
spectral reflectance in, 303–306, 304f, 305f
target and energy interaction in, 301–303
transmittance in, 301
viewing imagery online of, 296
representation
of real world as continuous fields, 106–108,
107f, 108f
of real-world items in GIS, 101–108, 103f, 104f,
105f, 107f, 108f
of terrain, 378–382, 379f, 381f, 383f
representative fraction (RF), 187, 285
reprojecting data, 51–53
resampling, in georeferencing, 60
RF. See representative fraction
RGB color scheme, 197
RMSE. See Root Mean Square Error
road networks, 225–229, 226f, 228f
Rondonia, Brazil, Landsat imagery of, 336, 337f
Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), in transforming
data, 60
rotated data, 58–59, 59f
routing
finding shortest paths, 233–237, 235f, 237f
online mapping and routing applications, 236
shortest paths defined, 234
among stops, 235–237, 237f
RQ-4 Global Hawk, 274, 274f
Rumsey Historical Map Collection, 54–55, 54f
running, GPS use in, 88
SA. See Selective Availability
“San Francisco in Ruins” (Lawrence), 270, 271f
satellites
aircraft compared with, 324–325
data collection from, 328
EOS, 351–352, 352f
GPS, 74–76, 75f
with high-resolution sensors, 338–341
Landsat, 331–338, 331f, 333f, 334f, 335f, 337f
off-nadir viewing of, 330
orbits of, 325–326, 325f
political borders and, 328
radiometric resolution of, 329–330, 330f
for reconnaissance and surveillance, 324
remote sensing by, 325–329, 325f, 327f, 328f
scanning methods of, 327, 328f
spatial resolution of, 329, 329f
spectral resolution of, 331
swath width of, 326, 327f
temporal resolution of, 330–331
Terra, 352–358, 353f, 354f, 355f, 356f, 357f, 358f
Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), 85–87
Satellite Girls, 444
satellite imagery, 2
geospatial data collected by, 9, 9f
satellite navigation systems, 74. See also Global
Positioning System
Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT),
338–339
satellite visibility, in Trimble Planning Software,
94–96
SATELLITES. See Students and Teachers Exploring
Local Landscapes to Interpret the Earth from Space
SBAS. See Satellite Based Augmentation Systems
scale
demonstration of, 188
of map data, 186–189, 188f
scale bar, 189, 189f
in AEJEE maps, 204–205
in ArcGIS and ArcMap, 216–217
Index
receivers, GPS, 77, 80–82
reconnaissance, satellites for, 324
record, in attribute table, 110
recording tours, in GE, 394–395
recreation, GPS use in, 88–89
rectification. See transformation
red band, 299
in TM, 332
reference, spatial, 53
reference database, 229
geocoding errors resulting from, 232–233
reference map, 192, 197
reference points, in GE, 23–25
registration. See georeferencing
relational operators, 149–150
relief displacement, 277, 278f
remote sensing, 2
absorption in, 300–302, 300f
active compared with passive, 297
atmosphere role in, 300–301, 300f
BVs in, 306–307, 307f
color display of, 308–311, 308f, 309t, 310f, 310t, 311f
defined, 269, 295
EM energy in, 297–299, 297f, 298f
geospatial data collected by, 9
image display for, 306–312
obtaining software for, 314
political borders and, 328
privacy and, 302
process of, 295–296, 296f
reflectance in, 302–303
by satellites, 325–329, 325f, 327f, 328f
scattering in, 301
from space, 323–325, 324f
spectral reflectance in, 303–306, 304f, 305f
target and energy interaction in, 301–303
transmittance in, 301
viewing imagery online of, 296
representation
of real world as continuous fields, 106–108,
107f, 108f
of real-world items in GIS, 101–108, 103f, 104f,
105f, 107f, 108f
of terrain, 378–382, 379f, 381f, 383f
representative fraction (RF), 187, 285
reprojecting data, 51–53
resampling, in georeferencing, 60
RF. See representative fraction
RGB color scheme, 197
RMSE. See Root Mean Square Error
road networks, 225–229, 226f, 228f
Rondonia, Brazil, Landsat imagery of, 336, 337f
Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), in transforming
data, 60
rotated data, 58–59, 59f
routing
finding shortest paths, 233–237, 235f, 237f
online mapping and routing applications, 236
shortest paths defined, 234
among stops, 235–237, 237f
RQ-4 Global Hawk, 274, 274f
Rumsey Historical Map Collection, 54–55, 54f
running, GPS use in, 88
SA. See Selective Availability
“San Francisco in Ruins” (Lawrence), 270, 271f
satellites
aircraft compared with, 324–325
data collection from, 328
EOS, 351–352, 352f
GPS, 74–76, 75f
with high-resolution sensors, 338–341
Landsat, 331–338, 331f, 333f, 334f, 335f, 337f
off-nadir viewing of, 330
orbits of, 325–326, 325f
political borders and, 328
radiometric resolution of, 329–330, 330f
for reconnaissance and surveillance, 324
remote sensing by, 325–329, 325f, 327f, 328f
scanning methods of, 327, 328f
spatial resolution of, 329, 329f
spectral resolution of, 331
swath width of, 326, 327f
temporal resolution of, 330–331
Terra, 352–358, 353f, 354f, 355f, 356f, 357f, 358f
Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS), 85–87
Satellite Girls, 444
satellite imagery, 2
geospatial data collected by, 9, 9f
satellite navigation systems, 74. See also Global
Positioning System
Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT),
338–339
satellite visibility, in Trimble Planning Software,
94–96
SATELLITES. See Students and Teachers Exploring
Local Landscapes to Interpret the Earth from Space
SBAS. See Satellite Based Augmentation Systems
scale
demonstration of, 188
of map data, 186–189, 188f
scale bar, 189, 189f
in AEJEE maps, 204–205
in ArcGIS and ArcMap, 216–217