I-14
Index
NASA World Wind, 365–366
MODIS Rapid Fire in, 370–372
obtaining software for, 369
SVS in, 372–373
using, 370
NASA’s Teacher’s Guide, 444
NASA’s Teacher’s Kit, 444
National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP), 275
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)
establishment of, 323–324
ICE tool, 306
National Council for Geographic Education
(NCGE), 441
in K-12 education on geospatial technology, 443
National Elevation Dataset (NED), 384, 386
National Geodetic Survey, CORS of, 84
National Geospatial Program, 448
National Land Cover Database (NLCD), 107–108, 108f
National Map, 448–449, 448f
National Map Seamless Server, 384–386
National Map Viewer, 448f, 449
National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), 375–376
National Vertical Datum of 1929, 377
Nationwide Differential GPS (NDGPS), 84
Natural Breaks, 193–194, 194f
Naval Research Laboratory Timation, 74
NAVD88. See North American Vertical Datum of 1988
navigation systems. See vehicle navigation systems
NAVSTAR GPS, 74
NAVTEQ, 238–239
NCGE. See National Council for Geographic
Education
NDGPS. See Nationwide Differential GPS
NDVI. See Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
near-infrared (NIR) reflection, 276–277, 277f, 299
in TM, 332
near-polar orbit, 325, 325f
NED. See National Elevation Dataset
Negation, 150
NEO. See NASA Earth Observations
network
defined, 225
for geospatial technology, 225–229, 226f, 228f
geospatial technology uses of, 237–239, 237f, 238f
Niepce, Joseph, 269
911
geospatial data used by, 8
GPS use in, 87
NIR. See near-infrared reflection
NLCD. See National Land Cover Database
nominal data, 109
nonselective scattering, 301
non-spatial data, 8
attributes, 109–110
in GIS, 108–112, 110f, 111f
normalized data, 196
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
304, 305f
ICE tool for, 306
North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27), 31
in SPCS measurements, 42
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), 31
in SPCS measurements, 42–43
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
(NAVD88), 377
north arrow, 189, 190f
in AEJEE maps, 205–206
in ArcGIS and ArcMap, 217–218
northing
SPCS, 42
UTM, 39–41, 40f, 41f
Not Equal operator, 149
NOT operator, 150
NSIDC. See National Snow and Ice Data Center
oblique photo
on Bing Maps, 280
defined, 279, 279f
examples of, 271f, 279, 279f
off-nadir viewing, of satellites, 330–331
offset, in 3D modeling, 407–408, 407f
OGC. See Open Geospatial Consortium
Ogle Earth, 457
Ohiolink, 312
OhioView, 334–335, 441–442, 444, 448
old maps. See historic maps
OLI. See Operational Land Imager
OMI. See Ozone Monitoring Instrument
online mapping of geospatial data, 10
online resources
geospatial data and software, 447–450, 448f
GIS, 100f, 101
for GPS usage, 96
mapping and routing applications, 236–238, 238f
online use, of geospatial technology, 449–453,
451f, 453f
on-screen digitizing. See heads-up digitizing
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), 441
open source GIS products, 117
OpenStreetMap, 440, 440f
Operational Land Imager (OLI), 336
operators
Boolean, 150–151
relational, 149–150
OR operator, 150
Index
NASA World Wind, 365–366
MODIS Rapid Fire in, 370–372
obtaining software for, 369
SVS in, 372–373
using, 370
NASA’s Teacher’s Guide, 444
NASA’s Teacher’s Kit, 444
National Aerial Photography Program (NAPP), 275
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA)
establishment of, 323–324
ICE tool, 306
National Council for Geographic Education
(NCGE), 441
in K-12 education on geospatial technology, 443
National Elevation Dataset (NED), 384, 386
National Geodetic Survey, CORS of, 84
National Geospatial Program, 448
National Land Cover Database (NLCD), 107–108, 108f
National Map, 448–449, 448f
National Map Seamless Server, 384–386
National Map Viewer, 448f, 449
National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC), 375–376
National Vertical Datum of 1929, 377
Nationwide Differential GPS (NDGPS), 84
Natural Breaks, 193–194, 194f
Naval Research Laboratory Timation, 74
NAVD88. See North American Vertical Datum of 1988
navigation systems. See vehicle navigation systems
NAVSTAR GPS, 74
NAVTEQ, 238–239
NCGE. See National Council for Geographic
Education
NDGPS. See Nationwide Differential GPS
NDVI. See Normalized Difference Vegetation Index
near-infrared (NIR) reflection, 276–277, 277f, 299
in TM, 332
near-polar orbit, 325, 325f
NED. See National Elevation Dataset
Negation, 150
NEO. See NASA Earth Observations
network
defined, 225
for geospatial technology, 225–229, 226f, 228f
geospatial technology uses of, 237–239, 237f, 238f
Niepce, Joseph, 269
911
geospatial data used by, 8
GPS use in, 87
NIR. See near-infrared reflection
NLCD. See National Land Cover Database
nominal data, 109
nonselective scattering, 301
non-spatial data, 8
attributes, 109–110
in GIS, 108–112, 110f, 111f
normalized data, 196
Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI),
304, 305f
ICE tool for, 306
North American Datum of 1927 (NAD27), 31
in SPCS measurements, 42
North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83), 31
in SPCS measurements, 42–43
North American Vertical Datum of 1988
(NAVD88), 377
north arrow, 189, 190f
in AEJEE maps, 205–206
in ArcGIS and ArcMap, 217–218
northing
SPCS, 42
UTM, 39–41, 40f, 41f
Not Equal operator, 149
NOT operator, 150
NSIDC. See National Snow and Ice Data Center
oblique photo
on Bing Maps, 280
defined, 279, 279f
examples of, 271f, 279, 279f
off-nadir viewing, of satellites, 330–331
offset, in 3D modeling, 407–408, 407f
OGC. See Open Geospatial Consortium
Ogle Earth, 457
Ohiolink, 312
OhioView, 334–335, 441–442, 444, 448
old maps. See historic maps
OLI. See Operational Land Imager
OMI. See Ozone Monitoring Instrument
online mapping of geospatial data, 10
online resources
geospatial data and software, 447–450, 448f
GIS, 100f, 101
for GPS usage, 96
mapping and routing applications, 236–238, 238f
online use, of geospatial technology, 449–453,
451f, 453f
on-screen digitizing. See heads-up digitizing
Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC), 441
open source GIS products, 117
OpenStreetMap, 440, 440f
Operational Land Imager (OLI), 336
operators
Boolean, 150–151
relational, 149–150
OR operator, 150