I-12
Index
Less Than operator, 150
lesson plans, in geospatial technology, 444
Libre Map Project, 380
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), 384, 385f
line segment
of network, 226, 226f
plotting address points on, 230–231, 231f
linear interpolation, 230–231, 231f
lines
creating and using buffers around points in AEJEE,
168–169
in GIS, 102–106, 103f
selecting by location in ArcGIS and ArcMap,
178–179
lines of latitude. See latitude
lines of longitude. See longitude
location
datums defined, 30–31, 30f
definitions of, 29
GCS defined, 31–36, 32f, 34f–35f
Lambert Conformal Conic projection, 38–39,
42–43
SPCS defined, 41–44, 43f, 44f
translating real-world data onto 2D surfaces, 36–38,
37f, 38f
Transverse Mercator projection, 38–39, 42
UTM defined, 39–41, 40f, 41f
location determination
GPS accuracy, 81–86, 82f, 83f, 84f, 85f
GPS applications, 87–89, 91–98
GPS components, 74–77, 75f, 76f
GPS defined, 2, 73
GPS origins, 74
GPS position determination, 77–81, 78f, 79f, 80f
importing GPS data into GE, 26
reliance on GPS, 88
Trimble Planning Software for GPS planning, 91–96
Web resources for GPS usage, 96
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, 273, 274f
longitude
converting to SPCS, 44
converting to UTM, 42
defined, 32–36
time zones based on, 33–36, 34f–35f
using GE to examine, 25–26, 47–49
LTM. See Land Transformation Model
Magellan, 89, 223
maps. See also historic maps
aerial photography and, 277
aligning different datasets in, 51–53, 52f
choropleth, 193–198, 194f
colors on, 197–198, 197f
defined, 185
design elements included in, 189–192, 189f, 190f,
191f, 192f
errors in, 224
font on, 190–191, 191f
georeferencing of, 53–58, 54f, 56f, 57f
importance of design of, 186
labels on, 190
large-scale, 187, 188f
layout of, 191, 192f
legend of, 189–190, 190f, 206–207, 218–219
online distribution and use of, 449–453, 451f, 453f
orthophotos for, 277–278
prism, 410–411, 410f
reference, 192, 197
small-scale, 187, 188f
thematic, 192–196, 193f, 194f
topographic, 378–382, 379f, 381f, 462–466
transforming data to georeferenced format, 58–62,
59f, 60f, 61f
Map Algebra, 156–157
map projections, 36–39, 37f
in AEJEE, 123–124
azimuthal, 38, 38f
conical, 38–39, 38f
cylindrical, 38–39, 38f
developable surfaces in, 38, 38f
distortions built into, 37
examining effects of, 38
Lambert Conformal Conic projection, 38–39, 42–43
Mercator projection, 37–38, 37f
mismatching, 51–53, 52f
Transverse Mercator projection, 38–39, 42
map scale, 186–187
Map Services, 451
map templates, 191
MapCruncher. See Microsoft MapCruncher
mapmaking, 185–222
with AEJEE, 200–210
with ArcGIS, 211–222
colors used in, 197–198, 197f
data display on GIS maps, 192–196, 193f, 194f
design elements included in maps, 189–192, 189f,
190f, 191f, 192f
exporting and distributing GIS maps, 198–199
importance of map design, 186
scale of data, 186–189, 188f
Mapperz, 457
mapping
business of, 238–239
of geospatial data, 10
Index
Less Than operator, 150
lesson plans, in geospatial technology, 444
Libre Map Project, 380
Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), 384, 385f
line segment
of network, 226, 226f
plotting address points on, 230–231, 231f
linear interpolation, 230–231, 231f
lines
creating and using buffers around points in AEJEE,
168–169
in GIS, 102–106, 103f
selecting by location in ArcGIS and ArcMap,
178–179
lines of latitude. See latitude
lines of longitude. See longitude
location
datums defined, 30–31, 30f
definitions of, 29
GCS defined, 31–36, 32f, 34f–35f
Lambert Conformal Conic projection, 38–39,
42–43
SPCS defined, 41–44, 43f, 44f
translating real-world data onto 2D surfaces, 36–38,
37f, 38f
Transverse Mercator projection, 38–39, 42
UTM defined, 39–41, 40f, 41f
location determination
GPS accuracy, 81–86, 82f, 83f, 84f, 85f
GPS applications, 87–89, 91–98
GPS components, 74–77, 75f, 76f
GPS defined, 2, 73
GPS origins, 74
GPS position determination, 77–81, 78f, 79f, 80f
importing GPS data into GE, 26
reliance on GPS, 88
Trimble Planning Software for GPS planning, 91–96
Web resources for GPS usage, 96
Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird, 273, 274f
longitude
converting to SPCS, 44
converting to UTM, 42
defined, 32–36
time zones based on, 33–36, 34f–35f
using GE to examine, 25–26, 47–49
LTM. See Land Transformation Model
Magellan, 89, 223
maps. See also historic maps
aerial photography and, 277
aligning different datasets in, 51–53, 52f
choropleth, 193–198, 194f
colors on, 197–198, 197f
defined, 185
design elements included in, 189–192, 189f, 190f,
191f, 192f
errors in, 224
font on, 190–191, 191f
georeferencing of, 53–58, 54f, 56f, 57f
importance of design of, 186
labels on, 190
large-scale, 187, 188f
layout of, 191, 192f
legend of, 189–190, 190f, 206–207, 218–219
online distribution and use of, 449–453, 451f, 453f
orthophotos for, 277–278
prism, 410–411, 410f
reference, 192, 197
small-scale, 187, 188f
thematic, 192–196, 193f, 194f
topographic, 378–382, 379f, 381f, 462–466
transforming data to georeferenced format, 58–62,
59f, 60f, 61f
Map Algebra, 156–157
map projections, 36–39, 37f
in AEJEE, 123–124
azimuthal, 38, 38f
conical, 38–39, 38f
cylindrical, 38–39, 38f
developable surfaces in, 38, 38f
distortions built into, 37
examining effects of, 38
Lambert Conformal Conic projection, 38–39, 42–43
Mercator projection, 37–38, 37f
mismatching, 51–53, 52f
Transverse Mercator projection, 38–39, 42
map scale, 186–187
Map Services, 451
map templates, 191
MapCruncher. See Microsoft MapCruncher
mapmaking, 185–222
with AEJEE, 200–210
with ArcGIS, 211–222
colors used in, 197–198, 197f
data display on GIS maps, 192–196, 193f, 194f
design elements included in maps, 189–192, 189f,
190f, 191f, 192f
exporting and distributing GIS maps, 198–199
importance of map design, 186
scale of data, 186–189, 188f
Mapperz, 457
mapping
business of, 238–239
of geospatial data, 10