Thermal response number (TRN), 48, 51–52
measurements for several surface
types, 50
utility of, 52
TIR remote sensing data, 6, 35
analysis landscape ecological
characterization, 37–38
net radiation balance, 37
surface energy balance, 37
applications, 35–36
collection, 36
contribute to improved understanding
landscape processe, 35
landscape ecological studies,
limitations, 35
spatial resolution, 35
TIR remote sensing systems, 37
Tobler’s first law of geography, 69
TRN. See Thermal response number
(TRN)
Tropical rainfall measuring mission
(TRMM), 255
Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM)
coordinate system, 234
University Consortium for Geographic
Information Science (UCGIS), 3
Upscaling methods, 109–111, 113, 119,
120. See also PSCBS; PSCPS
Urban
areas, 62
heterogeneous nature, 201
ecosystems, 64–65
environment, 217–218
growth projections, 267
land mapping, 62
mapping, 62
morphology, 67
LST models and Variables, 70
remote sensing, 6, 61–62, 65
community, 61
scale dependency, as phenomena, 62
structures, and material types, 52
thermal landscape, 68
Variances
block, 120–122
cokriging, 114
equal reflectance (See Field
spectroradiometry)
homogeneous, 296–297
Wndow, 110
Vegetation health index (VHI), 46
Vegetation–impervious surface–soil (VIS)
model, 67
Vegetation indices (VIs), 4, 6, 82, 91–92,
94–95, 102
based sharpening method, 5
Vegetation mapping, 64
Vegetation productivity, 127
Very high resolution (VHR)
imagery, 204
sensors, 13, 30
VHI. See Vegetation health index (VHI)
Vicia cracca L., 128
VIs. See Vegetation indices (VIs)
Visible and infrared imaging radiometer
suite (VIIRS) instrument, 37
measurements initiated by NOAA,
37
TIR spectral bands, 37
Visible-band digital cameras, 87
Water mapping, 64
Watershed analysis, 267
Window/block averaging,
109
Window variances, 110
WorldView 2 images, 82
WorldView-1 sensors, 14
WorldView-2 sensors, 302
Zoning effect, 68
334
INDEX