maps at regional, national, and global
scales, 108
spatial patterns, 109
Forest disturbance index (FDI), 83–84
detect gypsy moth, 83–84
predict both overall intensity and extent of
damage, 84
Fractal analysis, of image texture, 68
Fractal-derived texture images, 4
Fractal dimension (FD), 3, 8
steps to compute, for remotely sensed
images, 232
triangular prism (TP) FD algorithm, 232
characterizing urban landscape, 232
Fractal measurement, 231
Fractal net evolution approach
(FNEA), 198, 202
Fractals, 146
Fractional vegetation cover, 82
Fragmented agroforested landscape, 148
FRAGSTATS software, 218
Frequency distributions of temperatures, 50
Fusion
data, 5–6, 14–15, 17, 27, 61, 73
Ehlers, 15–16
electro-optical and radar data, 26–31
Ehlers image fusion, results of, 30
2.4-mresolution multispectral
QuickBird data, 27
1-m-resolution TerraSAR-X, 27
terrain feature interpretation, 27–28
detectable, comparison of, 28
IKONOS image, 28–29
SPOT-4 image, 30
TerraSAR-X image, 27–31
IKONOS and SPOT-5 fusion, 6
image fusion with variable spatial
resolution, 22–26
band 3 of multispectral IKONOS
image, 22–23
band 2 of the SPOT-2 image, 26
coefficient values, 25
multispectral IKONOS image,
23–25
methods, 14–15
multiscale electro-optical data, 17
data set, 17
multisensor image fusion, 17–22
band 3, DMC image, 21
band 3, landsat TM 5 image, 21
band 2, SPOT-2 image, 20
band 2, SPOT-5 image, 20
fused multispectral image band 3, 19
panchromatic IKONOS image, 18
study site, 17
Fuzzy-set theory, 66
Gaussian filtering, 173, 183
Gaussian operators, 149–151
Gaussian scale-space theory, 269
General system’s theory, 143
GEOBIA community, 144, 147
GeoEye’s IKONOS, 82
Geographic information systems (GIS), 61
polygon, 156
Geographic OBIA (GEOBIA), 197
Geographic object-based hierarchies,
145–146
Geoinformatics, 141
Geo-object-based ladders, 162
Geospatial algorithms, 4
Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellites (GOES), 40, 81
AVHRR data, 45
GIS methods, 44
Global net primary productivity, 82
Grain, 143
Grassland
estimating chlorophyll content (See
Koffler Scientific Reserve)
indices simple ratio vs. NDVI, 127
vegetation chlorophyll content, 128
from leaf to landscape level, 128
Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)
texture features, 181
Ground filtering, 282
Ground measurement, 98
algorithms relating VIs to
fractional fc, 98
riparian and upland plant
communities, 98
constrain accuracy of ET estimates
multiple sources of measurements,
99–102
errors, in LAI/ET values, 99
ground results compared to remote
sensing results, 100–102
high-resolution QuickBird imagery, 98
INDEX
325
scales, 108
spatial patterns, 109
Forest disturbance index (FDI), 83–84
detect gypsy moth, 83–84
predict both overall intensity and extent of
damage, 84
Fractal analysis, of image texture, 68
Fractal-derived texture images, 4
Fractal dimension (FD), 3, 8
steps to compute, for remotely sensed
images, 232
triangular prism (TP) FD algorithm, 232
characterizing urban landscape, 232
Fractal measurement, 231
Fractal net evolution approach
(FNEA), 198, 202
Fractals, 146
Fractional vegetation cover, 82
Fragmented agroforested landscape, 148
FRAGSTATS software, 218
Frequency distributions of temperatures, 50
Fusion
data, 5–6, 14–15, 17, 27, 61, 73
Ehlers, 15–16
electro-optical and radar data, 26–31
Ehlers image fusion, results of, 30
2.4-mresolution multispectral
QuickBird data, 27
1-m-resolution TerraSAR-X, 27
terrain feature interpretation, 27–28
detectable, comparison of, 28
IKONOS image, 28–29
SPOT-4 image, 30
TerraSAR-X image, 27–31
IKONOS and SPOT-5 fusion, 6
image fusion with variable spatial
resolution, 22–26
band 3 of multispectral IKONOS
image, 22–23
band 2 of the SPOT-2 image, 26
coefficient values, 25
multispectral IKONOS image,
23–25
methods, 14–15
multiscale electro-optical data, 17
data set, 17
multisensor image fusion, 17–22
band 3, DMC image, 21
band 3, landsat TM 5 image, 21
band 2, SPOT-2 image, 20
band 2, SPOT-5 image, 20
fused multispectral image band 3, 19
panchromatic IKONOS image, 18
study site, 17
Fuzzy-set theory, 66
Gaussian filtering, 173, 183
Gaussian operators, 149–151
Gaussian scale-space theory, 269
General system’s theory, 143
GEOBIA community, 144, 147
GeoEye’s IKONOS, 82
Geographic information systems (GIS), 61
polygon, 156
Geographic OBIA (GEOBIA), 197
Geographic object-based hierarchies,
145–146
Geoinformatics, 141
Geo-object-based ladders, 162
Geospatial algorithms, 4
Geostationary Operational Environmental
Satellites (GOES), 40, 81
AVHRR data, 45
GIS methods, 44
Global net primary productivity, 82
Grain, 143
Grassland
estimating chlorophyll content (See
Koffler Scientific Reserve)
indices simple ratio vs. NDVI, 127
vegetation chlorophyll content, 128
from leaf to landscape level, 128
Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM)
texture features, 181
Ground filtering, 282
Ground measurement, 98
algorithms relating VIs to
fractional fc, 98
riparian and upland plant
communities, 98
constrain accuracy of ET estimates
multiple sources of measurements,
99–102
errors, in LAI/ET values, 99
ground results compared to remote
sensing results, 100–102
high-resolution QuickBird imagery, 98
INDEX
325