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Mandelbrot, B. 1967. The fractal geometry of nature. Science 156:636–642.
Marceau, D. J. 1999. The scale issue in the social and natural sciences. Canadian Journal of
Remote Sensing 25(4):347 –356.
Marceau, D. J., and Hay, G. J. 1999. Contributions of remote sensing to the scale issue.
Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 25(4):357 –366.
Marceau, D. J., Howarth, P. J., and Gratton, D. J. 1994. Remote sensing and the measurement of
geographical entities in a forested environment. Part 1: The scale and spatial aggregation
problem. Remote Sensing of Environment 49(2):93–104.
Meentemeyer, V. 1989. Geographical perspectives of space, time, and scale. Landscape
Ecology 3:163–173.
Meilleur, A., Bouchard, A., and Bergeron, Y. 1994. The relation between geomorphology and
forest community types of the Haut-Saint-Laurent, Quebec. Vegetatio 111:173– 192.
Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I. 1989. Exploring Complexity: An Introduction . New York: W H
Freeman.
O’Neill, R. V., and King, A. W. 1998. Homage to St. Michael; Or, why are there so many books
on scale? In Ecological Scale Theory and Applications . New York: Columbia University
Press, pp. 3– 15.
Peterson, G. 2000. Scaling ecological dynamics: Self-organization, hierarchical structure, and
ecological resilience. Climate Change 44(3):291–309.
Powers, R., Hay, G. J., and Chen, G. 2012. How wetland type and area differ through scale: A
case study of Alberta ’s Boreal Plains. Remote Sensing of Environment 117:135–145.
Quattrochi, D. A., and Goodchild, M. F. (Eds.) 1996. Scale in Remote Sensing and GIS . Boca
Raton, FL: Lewis Publishers.
Reynolds, J. R., and Wu, J. 1999. Do landscape structural and functional units exist? In J. D.
Tenhunen and P. Kabat (Eds.), Integrating Hydrology, Ecosystem Dynamics and Biogeochemistry in Complex Landscapes. New York: Wiley, pp. 275–298.
Robert, C. P. 2001. The Bayesian Choice: From Decision-Theoretic Foundations to Computational Implementation. New York: Springer.
Rosin, P. L. 1992. Representing curves at their natural scales. Pattern Recognition 25
(11):1315–1325.
Rowe, J. S. 2001. Transcending this poor Earth—á la Ken Wilber. Trumpeter 17:1; available
at http://trumpeter.athabascau.ca/index.php/trumpet/article/view/138/161, last accessed
October 20, 2013.
Settle, J. J., and Drake, N. A. 1993. Linear mixing and the estimation of ground cover
proportions. International Journal of Remote Sensing 14(6):1159–1177.
Simon, H. A. 1962. The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society 106:467–482.
Simon, H. A. 1973. The Organization of Complex Systems. In H. H. Pattee (Ed.), Hierarchy
Theory: The Challenge of Complex Systems. New York: George Braziller, pp. 1–27.
Starck, J.-L., Murtagh, F., and Bijaoui, A. 1998. Image Processing and Data Analysis: The
Multiscale Approach, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 315 pp.
Steiniger, S., and Hay, G. J. 2009. Free and open source geographic information tools for
landscape ecology: A review. Ecological Informatics 4(4):183–195.
REFERENCES
167