550
GENERAL INDEX
oozes (cont’d)
– Indonesian Seas, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– radiolarian, 10
– Red Sea, 268, 283
– Sea of Japan, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 277
– siliceous, 118, 225, 268, 473
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283
opal (biogenic silicate), 118
ophiuroids (see also brittle stars, and Ophiuroidea in Systematic
Index)
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 126, 141
– – Goban Spur, 137, 138
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– – temporal variations, 150
– seasonality, 123
– using xenophyophore tests as habitat, 210
opportunistic species, 123, 198, 338
optical sensors, 318
optimal foraging, 332
optimal-foraging theory, 21
orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), 3, 47, 317, 475
– episodic recruitment, 457
– K-selection, 457
– longevity, 47, 52, 64
– overfishing, 457
Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico), 7
ore
– from deep-sea floor, 431
– transport, 433, 451
organic carbon, 128, 265
– accumulation rates, 128
– burial, 350
– content, 118
– – phytodetritus, 122
– – sediments, 124, 127, 128, 139, 280
– discrepancy between supply and demand, 364
– flux, 50, 71, 159, 163, 265
– lateral advection, 363
– seabed remineralization, 316
organic-carbon mineralization, 349
organic degradation, rate of, 349
organic matter, 441
– Atlantis II Deep (Red Sea), 268
– content, 119
– cycling, 112
– episodic inputs, 113
– export from the continental shelf, 365, 366
– flux, 114, 117, 123, 128, 157
– – Atlantic Ocean, 119–123
– – interannual variability, 353
– hoarding, 352
– input, 114, 122
– mineralization, 348
– repackaging, 347
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
organic remains
– anoxic habitats, 86
– large carcasses, 86
– species distribution, 86
– wood, 86
organic sedimentation, 50
organochlorine compounds, 429, 430
– oestrogenic effects, 429
Orinoco River, 270
Orton, John, 381
Orton’s Rule, 381
Oslo Convention, 440
OSPAR (Convention for the Protection of the Marine
Environment of the North-East Atlantic), 460
ostracods, 354, 389
– bathymetric distribution, 62
– buoyancy, 73
– dispersion, 64
– diversity
– – changes over geological time, 11
– – effects of glaciations, 305
– effects of temperature changes, 10
– life cycle, 73
– Puerto Rico Trench (Atlantic Ocean), 131
– Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 63
ostur, see sponges
otter trawls, 131, 135
Outer Banda Arc (Indonesia), 272
overfishing, 457
Owen Basin (Indian Ocean), 219
oweniid polychaetes, 126
oxidant flux, 360
oxygen, 7, 42, 51, 334
– Antarctic Bottom Water, 251
– Atlantic Ocean, 43, 116, 161
– – deep oxygen minimum, 57
– Banda Basin (Indonesia), 273
– Caribbean Sea, 270
– characteristics, 51
– depletion, 48
– dysaerobic basins, 86, 87
– Eber Deep (Red Sea), 274
– effects of depth, 228
– effects of mining, 452
– effects of sewage sludge dumping, 443
– effects on abundance, 7, 8
– effects on density, 157
– effects on diversity, 7
– effects on species distribution, 287
– effects on species’ ranges, 26
– effects on vertical distribution, 8
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– Indian Ocean, 223, 226
– measurement, 15
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– minima, 157
– oxygen stress, 153
– Pacific Ocean, 182, 184, 185
– phytodetritus, 122
– pore water profiling, 335
– processes that reduce concentration, 7, 8
GENERAL INDEX
oozes (cont’d)
– Indonesian Seas, 274
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– radiolarian, 10
– Red Sea, 268, 283
– Sea of Japan, 276
– Sea of Okhotsk, 277
– siliceous, 118, 225, 268, 473
– Venezuela Basin (Caribbean Sea), 283
opal (biogenic silicate), 118
ophiuroids (see also brittle stars, and Ophiuroidea in Systematic
Index)
– Atlantic Ocean, 125, 126, 141
– – Goban Spur, 137, 138
– – Rockall Trough, 134
– – temporal variations, 150
– seasonality, 123
– using xenophyophore tests as habitat, 210
opportunistic species, 123, 198, 338
optical sensors, 318
optimal foraging, 332
optimal-foraging theory, 21
orange roughy (Hoplostethus atlanticus), 3, 47, 317, 475
– episodic recruitment, 457
– K-selection, 457
– longevity, 47, 52, 64
– overfishing, 457
Orca Basin (Gulf of Mexico), 7
ore
– from deep-sea floor, 431
– transport, 433, 451
organic carbon, 128, 265
– accumulation rates, 128
– burial, 350
– content, 118
– – phytodetritus, 122
– – sediments, 124, 127, 128, 139, 280
– discrepancy between supply and demand, 364
– flux, 50, 71, 159, 163, 265
– lateral advection, 363
– seabed remineralization, 316
organic-carbon mineralization, 349
organic degradation, rate of, 349
organic matter, 441
– Atlantis II Deep (Red Sea), 268
– content, 119
– cycling, 112
– episodic inputs, 113
– export from the continental shelf, 365, 366
– flux, 114, 117, 123, 128, 157
– – Atlantic Ocean, 119–123
– – interannual variability, 353
– hoarding, 352
– input, 114, 122
– mineralization, 348
– repackaging, 347
– Sea of Okhotsk, 287
organic remains
– anoxic habitats, 86
– large carcasses, 86
– species distribution, 86
– wood, 86
organic sedimentation, 50
organochlorine compounds, 429, 430
– oestrogenic effects, 429
Orinoco River, 270
Orton, John, 381
Orton’s Rule, 381
Oslo Convention, 440
OSPAR (Convention for the Protection of the Marine
Environment of the North-East Atlantic), 460
ostracods, 354, 389
– bathymetric distribution, 62
– buoyancy, 73
– dispersion, 64
– diversity
– – changes over geological time, 11
– – effects of glaciations, 305
– effects of temperature changes, 10
– life cycle, 73
– Puerto Rico Trench (Atlantic Ocean), 131
– Rockall Trough (Atlantic Ocean), 63
ostur, see sponges
otter trawls, 131, 135
Outer Banda Arc (Indonesia), 272
overfishing, 457
Owen Basin (Indian Ocean), 219
oweniid polychaetes, 126
oxidant flux, 360
oxygen, 7, 42, 51, 334
– Antarctic Bottom Water, 251
– Atlantic Ocean, 43, 116, 161
– – deep oxygen minimum, 57
– Banda Basin (Indonesia), 273
– Caribbean Sea, 270
– characteristics, 51
– depletion, 48
– dysaerobic basins, 86, 87
– Eber Deep (Red Sea), 274
– effects of depth, 228
– effects of mining, 452
– effects of sewage sludge dumping, 443
– effects on abundance, 7, 8
– effects on density, 157
– effects on diversity, 7
– effects on species distribution, 287
– effects on species’ ranges, 26
– effects on vertical distribution, 8
– Gulf of Mexico, 271
– Indian Ocean, 223, 226
– measurement, 15
– Mediterranean Sea, 265
– minima, 157
– oxygen stress, 153
– Pacific Ocean, 182, 184, 185
– phytodetritus, 122
– pore water profiling, 335
– processes that reduce concentration, 7, 8