REPRODUCTION, DEVELOPMENT AND LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS
393
Table 12.4
Studies of reproductive periodicity in deep-sea molluscs
Species
Site
Depth (m)
Egg size 1
(mm)
Periodicity 2
References
APLACOPHORA
Prochaetoderma yongei
NW Atlantic
1470–2030
226
A
Scheltema (1987)
GASTROPODA
Benthonella tenella
NW Atlantic
3806–5042
82.5
A
Rex et al. (1979)
Calliotropis ottoi
Rockall Trough
990–2450
150–260
A
Colman and Tyler (1988)
Colus jeffreysianus
Rockall Trough
2200
170
A
Colman et al. (1986a)
SCAPHOPODA
Cadulus californicus
San Diego Trough
1162–1244
240
S
Rokop (1977a)
BIVALVIA
Acharax alinae
Lau Basin (vent)
?
600
A
Beninger and Le Pennec (1997)
Bathyarca sp.
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~132
A
Rokop (1979)
Bathymodiolus childressi
Gulf of Mexico (seep) 500–700
90
S
Eckelbarger and Young (1999)
Bathymodiolus elongatus
Fiji Back-Arc Basin
?
50–60
A
Le Pennec and Beninger (1997)
Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
3480
50–60
S
Le Pennec and Beninger (1997)
Bathymodiolus thermophilus
E. Pacific Rise (vent)
2500
50
A
Berg (1985)
Bathymodiolus n. sp.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
840–865
50
S
Comtet and Desbruy` eres (1998)
Calyptogena kilmeri
Monterey Bay (seep)
900
180–237
S
Lisin et al. (1996)
Calyptogena lauberi
Tenryu Canyon (seep)
?
200
A
Fiala-M´ edioni and Le Pennec
(1989)
Calyptogena magnifica
E. Pacific Rise (vent)
2500
309
A
Berg (1985)
Calyptogena pacifica
Monterey Bay (seep)
600
180–220
A (?)
Lisin et al. (1996)
Ledella pustulosa
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
120
S
Tyler et al. (1992a)
Malletia cuneata
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
240
A
Tyler et al. (1992a)
Deminucula cancellata
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
?
A
Rokop (1977a), Scheltema
(1972)
Nucula darella
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~154
A
Rokop (1979)
Nuculana pontonia
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~176
A
Rokop (1979)
Tindaria cervola
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
?
A
Rokop (1979)
Xylophaga spp
W. Atlantic
600–2000
45
A
Turner (1973), Tyler and Young,
unpublished
Yoldiella jeffreysi
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
120
A
Tyler et al. (1992a)
1 In most cases, egg sizes are the maximum observed in histological studies and may not be representative of the actual sizes of eggs
spawned.
2 Periodicities are listed as either S, synchronous or seasonal; or A, aseasonal or continuous.
et al., 2000) suggest nothing about gametes in deep-sea
Crustacea that differs from related species in shallow
water (reviewed by Adiyodi and Subramoniam, 1983).
Fecundity
Fecundity has been studied mostly in slope decapods
that have fishery importance (e.g., Clarke et al.,
1991), though instantaneous fecundities have also been
reported for many deep-sea peracarids. For example,
Wolff (1962) indicated that egg numbers in the asellote
isopods range from 2 to 80, being correlated with the
size of the brooding animal. Shallow-water isopods
generally have much higher fecundities and smaller egg
sizes (Zirwas, 1910).
The most comprehensive study of fecundity in deep-
393
Table 12.4
Studies of reproductive periodicity in deep-sea molluscs
Species
Site
Depth (m)
Egg size 1
(mm)
Periodicity 2
References
APLACOPHORA
Prochaetoderma yongei
NW Atlantic
1470–2030
226
A
Scheltema (1987)
GASTROPODA
Benthonella tenella
NW Atlantic
3806–5042
82.5
A
Rex et al. (1979)
Calliotropis ottoi
Rockall Trough
990–2450
150–260
A
Colman and Tyler (1988)
Colus jeffreysianus
Rockall Trough
2200
170
A
Colman et al. (1986a)
SCAPHOPODA
Cadulus californicus
San Diego Trough
1162–1244
240
S
Rokop (1977a)
BIVALVIA
Acharax alinae
Lau Basin (vent)
?
600
A
Beninger and Le Pennec (1997)
Bathyarca sp.
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~132
A
Rokop (1979)
Bathymodiolus childressi
Gulf of Mexico (seep) 500–700
90
S
Eckelbarger and Young (1999)
Bathymodiolus elongatus
Fiji Back-Arc Basin
?
50–60
A
Le Pennec and Beninger (1997)
Bathymodiolus puteoserpentis
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
3480
50–60
S
Le Pennec and Beninger (1997)
Bathymodiolus thermophilus
E. Pacific Rise (vent)
2500
50
A
Berg (1985)
Bathymodiolus n. sp.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
840–865
50
S
Comtet and Desbruy` eres (1998)
Calyptogena kilmeri
Monterey Bay (seep)
900
180–237
S
Lisin et al. (1996)
Calyptogena lauberi
Tenryu Canyon (seep)
?
200
A
Fiala-M´ edioni and Le Pennec
(1989)
Calyptogena magnifica
E. Pacific Rise (vent)
2500
309
A
Berg (1985)
Calyptogena pacifica
Monterey Bay (seep)
600
180–220
A (?)
Lisin et al. (1996)
Ledella pustulosa
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
120
S
Tyler et al. (1992a)
Malletia cuneata
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
240
A
Tyler et al. (1992a)
Deminucula cancellata
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
?
A
Rokop (1977a), Scheltema
(1972)
Nucula darella
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~154
A
Rokop (1979)
Nuculana pontonia
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
~176
A
Rokop (1979)
Tindaria cervola
San Diego Trough
1200–1240
?
A
Rokop (1979)
Xylophaga spp
W. Atlantic
600–2000
45
A
Turner (1973), Tyler and Young,
unpublished
Yoldiella jeffreysi
NE Atlantic
2880–2921
120
A
Tyler et al. (1992a)
1 In most cases, egg sizes are the maximum observed in histological studies and may not be representative of the actual sizes of eggs
spawned.
2 Periodicities are listed as either S, synchronous or seasonal; or A, aseasonal or continuous.
et al., 2000) suggest nothing about gametes in deep-sea
Crustacea that differs from related species in shallow
water (reviewed by Adiyodi and Subramoniam, 1983).
Fecundity
Fecundity has been studied mostly in slope decapods
that have fishery importance (e.g., Clarke et al.,
1991), though instantaneous fecundities have also been
reported for many deep-sea peracarids. For example,
Wolff (1962) indicated that egg numbers in the asellote
isopods range from 2 to 80, being correlated with the
size of the brooding animal. Shallow-water isopods
generally have much higher fecundities and smaller egg
sizes (Zirwas, 1910).
The most comprehensive study of fecundity in deep-