cerebellarls emerges at the postero—ventral area of eminentia
of sh, we can learn fairly accurately the development of
granularis
in such a way as to encircle the fourth ventricle.
these areas.
For example, in sh with tactile organs which
This CFl5Îa is made up Of gray matter lying at the dorsal of
are
extremely developed on the face and body surface, the
the acoustico—lateral area and forms a center related to skin
somatic sensory area (skin brain) becomes enlarged forming
sense WhlCh W… be described later.
The degree Of
a
large crista cerebelli.
ln sh, lateral line senses of which
development of this area varies according to the kind of
are
well-developed, the acousticolateral lobe (ear brain) in
Sh
“"”…“the somatic sensory area is expanded.
And in sh with
An area at the ventral side of corpus cerebelli forming the
well-developed gustatory sense, facial and vagal lobes
roof of the fourth ventricle consists of a group of small
forming the termination of sensory roots of the VII, IX and
granular cells.
This area is very spacious in sh which
X cranial nerves, are hypertrophied.
This is clearly
have €XÎF€mGIY Well—deVGIODGCÏ audition (*Egl'aulis japom‘ca,
observed in the sh of Cyprinidae.
In contrast to higher
*Parasurus asofux) and is called a central acoustic lobe or
animals, cranial nerves in sh consist of ten pairs, but, V
area
(Evans, 1940).
to X nerves are situated in the medulla oblongata.
V, VII,
As already stated, the cerebellum of the sh has developed
lX, and X nerves have motor and sensory primary centers,
from the acoustico-lateral area, therefore, it is the
VI nerve has motor center and VIII nerve has sensory
integrative organ of body balance and movement.
lt seems
center in medulla oblongata, respectively.
With some
that parallel with these functions, this organ plays a role in
exceptions, generally, the make-up of cranial nerves in the
maintaining muscle tone and posture.
In general, it can
medulla oblongata is formed as follows:
be said that the cerebella of sh which perform quick
Trigeminus (V) nerve consists of sensory ophthalamic and
swimming movements are well-developed.
Generally, sh
maxillary branches and three branches of mandibular
which move sluggishly do not have well-developed cerebella,
branch which is the combination of sensory and motor.
with the exception of Mormyridae which has an enormously
Principally, among these, sensory nerves innervate in the
large cerebellum.
An adequate explanation of this has not
head, upper jaw, lower law and teeth.
Motor nerves
yet been made.
The cerebellum of the sh is regarded not
innervate in the muscles of the lower iaw.
V nerve enters
only as an organ controlling the functions relating to
into medulla oblongata and sends sensory impulses through
vestibular and lateral line organs but also as an area of
the tractus V spinalis to the general somatic sensory area
higher nervous correlation into which impulses from various
in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
kinds of sensory modalities enter.
Based on this conception
Vl nerve innervates in external recti muscles of the eyes
and at the same time study by the conditioned reflex
and its motor nucleus is situated close to fasciculus
method a research worker has concluded that the
longitudinalis medialis.
cerebellum of the sh plays a role corresponding to the
Vll nerve consists of numerous branches.
The sensory
cerebrum of higher animals (Karamyan, 1956).
bers innervate in snout, lower jaw, taste buds of the mouth,
skin of spiracular and hyoid regions and lateral line organ.
As already described, the medulla oblongata of the sh
Its motor bers innervate in muscles of spiracular and
offers basic knowledge in understanding that of higher
hyoid regions.
Fl5h With well—developed gustatory 0rgansi
animals.
especially those which have taste buds spread widely over
This is because, the medulla oblongata of the fish can be
the body surface and WhÎCh have
have a pair Of
analyzed distinctly by following the “doctrine of nerve
large facial lObeSi right and [€fÎ (*P6Ü80bÿllf
components” (p. 4).
According to this principle, as in the
*Upeneus bensasz‘), or a single large facial lobe
case
of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata of the fish
carpz'0, *JÎz'5guwzus a72guz'l/fcaudaz‘us).
can
be divided from the dorsal to the ventral into the
VIII nerve is innervated in the ear and its labyrinth.
following four areas : somatic sensory, visceral sensory,
Sensory roots of IX nerve are related to the gustatory sense
visceral motor and somatic motor.
Moreover, by the ecology
of the mouth, and the tactile sense of the head and its
of sh, we can learn fairly accurately the development of
granularis
in such a way as to encircle the fourth ventricle.
these areas.
For example, in sh with tactile organs which
This CFl5Îa is made up Of gray matter lying at the dorsal of
are
extremely developed on the face and body surface, the
the acoustico—lateral area and forms a center related to skin
somatic sensory area (skin brain) becomes enlarged forming
sense WhlCh W… be described later.
The degree Of
a
large crista cerebelli.
ln sh, lateral line senses of which
development of this area varies according to the kind of
are
well-developed, the acousticolateral lobe (ear brain) in
Sh
“"”…“the somatic sensory area is expanded.
And in sh with
An area at the ventral side of corpus cerebelli forming the
well-developed gustatory sense, facial and vagal lobes
roof of the fourth ventricle consists of a group of small
forming the termination of sensory roots of the VII, IX and
granular cells.
This area is very spacious in sh which
X cranial nerves, are hypertrophied.
This is clearly
have €XÎF€mGIY Well—deVGIODGCÏ audition (*Egl'aulis japom‘ca,
observed in the sh of Cyprinidae.
In contrast to higher
*Parasurus asofux) and is called a central acoustic lobe or
animals, cranial nerves in sh consist of ten pairs, but, V
area
(Evans, 1940).
to X nerves are situated in the medulla oblongata.
V, VII,
As already stated, the cerebellum of the sh has developed
lX, and X nerves have motor and sensory primary centers,
from the acoustico-lateral area, therefore, it is the
VI nerve has motor center and VIII nerve has sensory
integrative organ of body balance and movement.
lt seems
center in medulla oblongata, respectively.
With some
that parallel with these functions, this organ plays a role in
exceptions, generally, the make-up of cranial nerves in the
maintaining muscle tone and posture.
In general, it can
medulla oblongata is formed as follows:
be said that the cerebella of sh which perform quick
Trigeminus (V) nerve consists of sensory ophthalamic and
swimming movements are well-developed.
Generally, sh
maxillary branches and three branches of mandibular
which move sluggishly do not have well-developed cerebella,
branch which is the combination of sensory and motor.
with the exception of Mormyridae which has an enormously
Principally, among these, sensory nerves innervate in the
large cerebellum.
An adequate explanation of this has not
head, upper jaw, lower law and teeth.
Motor nerves
yet been made.
The cerebellum of the sh is regarded not
innervate in the muscles of the lower iaw.
V nerve enters
only as an organ controlling the functions relating to
into medulla oblongata and sends sensory impulses through
vestibular and lateral line organs but also as an area of
the tractus V spinalis to the general somatic sensory area
higher nervous correlation into which impulses from various
in the medulla oblongata and spinal cord.
kinds of sensory modalities enter.
Based on this conception
Vl nerve innervates in external recti muscles of the eyes
and at the same time study by the conditioned reflex
and its motor nucleus is situated close to fasciculus
method a research worker has concluded that the
longitudinalis medialis.
cerebellum of the sh plays a role corresponding to the
Vll nerve consists of numerous branches.
The sensory
cerebrum of higher animals (Karamyan, 1956).
bers innervate in snout, lower jaw, taste buds of the mouth,
skin of spiracular and hyoid regions and lateral line organ.
As already described, the medulla oblongata of the sh
Its motor bers innervate in muscles of spiracular and
offers basic knowledge in understanding that of higher
hyoid regions.
Fl5h With well—developed gustatory 0rgansi
animals.
especially those which have taste buds spread widely over
This is because, the medulla oblongata of the fish can be
the body surface and WhÎCh have
have a pair Of
analyzed distinctly by following the “doctrine of nerve
large facial lObeSi right and [€fÎ (*P6Ü80bÿllf
components” (p. 4).
According to this principle, as in the
*Upeneus bensasz‘), or a single large facial lobe
case
of the spinal cord, the medulla oblongata of the fish
carpz'0, *JÎz'5guwzus a72guz'l/fcaudaz‘us).
can
be divided from the dorsal to the ventral into the
VIII nerve is innervated in the ear and its labyrinth.
following four areas : somatic sensory, visceral sensory,
Sensory roots of IX nerve are related to the gustatory sense
visceral motor and somatic motor.
Moreover, by the ecology
of the mouth, and the tactile sense of the head and its