79
6 Lake Eutrophication and Plankton Food Webs
is of greater importance for reversal of eutrophication. Although this situation is now restricted to the subtropics, with
global warming, the same challenges could migrate northward into temperate lakes (Moss et al. 2011).
References
Allen MS, Hoyer MV, Canfield DE et al (2000) Factors related to gizzard shad and threadfin shad occurrence and abundance in Florida
lakes. J Fish Biol 57:291–302
Auer B, Elzer U, Arndt H et al (2004) Comparison of pelagic food webs
in lakes along a trophic gradient and with seasonal aspects: influence of resource and predation. J Plankton Res 26:697–709
Azam F, Fenchel T, Field JG et al (1983) The ecological role of water
column microbes in the sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10:257–263
Bays JS, Crisman TL (1983) Zooplankton and trophic state relationships in Florida lakes. Can J Fish Aquatic Sci 40:1813–1819
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR, Cochran PA, Elser JJ, Elser
MM, Lodge DM, Kretchmer D, He X, von Ende CN et al (1987)
Regulation of lake ecosystem primary productivity by food web
structure in whole-lake experiments. Ecology 68:1863–1876
Crisman TL, Beaver JR (1990) Applicability of biomanipulation
for managing eutrophication in the subtropics. Hydrobiology
200:177–181
Cole JJ, Findlay S, Pace ML et al (1988) Bacterial production in fresh
and saltwater ecosystems: a cross-system overview. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 43:1–10
Conley DJ, Paerl HW, Howarth RW, Boesch DF, Seitzinger SP, Havens
KE, Lancelot C, Likens GE et al (2009) Controlling eutrophication:
nitrogen and phosphorus. Science 323:1014–1015
Downing JA, Watson SB, McCauley E et al (2001) Predicting cyanobacteria dominance in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:1905–1908
Ducklow HW, Purdie DA, Williams PJL, Davis JM et al (1986) Bacterioplankton: a sink for carbon in a coastal marine plankton community. Science 232:865–867
Gliwicz ZM (1969) Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in
lakes of varying trophy. Ekol Pol 17:663–708
Hart RC (2011) Zooplankton biomass to chlorophyll ratios in relation
to trophic status within and between ten South African reservoirs:
causal inferences, and implications for biomanipulation. Water SA
37:513–521
Havens KE, East TL, Beaver JR et al (1996) Experimental studies of zooplankton-phytoplankton-nutrient interactions in a large
subtropical lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). Freshw Biol
36:579–597
Havens KE, Work KA, East TL et al (2000) Relative efficiencies of carbon transfer from bacteria and algae to zooplankton in a subtropical
lake. J Plankton Res 22:1801–1809
Havens KE, Jin KR, Rodusky AJ, Sharfstein B, Brady MA, East TL,
Iricanin N, James RT, Harwell MC, Steinman AD (2001) Hurricane
effects on a shallow lake ecosystem and its response to a controlled
manipulation of water level. ScientificWorldJournal 1:44–70
Havens KE, Beaver JR, East TL et al (2007) Plankton biomass partitioning in a eutrophic subtropical lake: comparison with results
from temperate lake ecosystems. J Plankton Res 29:1087–1097
Havens KE, Elia AC, Taticchi MI, Fulton RS et al (2009) Zooplantktonphytoplankton relationships in shallow subtropical lakes Apopka
(Florida, USA) and Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy). Hydrobiologia
628:165–175
Hillbricht-Ilkowska A (1977) Trophic relations and energy flow in
pelagic plankton. Pol Ecol Stud 3:3–98
Iglesias C, Mazzeo N, Goyenola G, Fosalba C, Teixeira De Mello F,
Garcia S, Jeppesen E (2008) Field and experimental evidence of the
effect of Jenynsiamultidentata, a small omnivorous-planktivorous
fish, on the size distribution of zooplankton in subtropical lakes.
Freshw Biol 53:1797–1807
James C, Fisher J, Russel V, Collings S, Moss B et al (2005) Nitrate
availability and hydrophyte species richness in shallow lakes.
Freshw Biol 50:1059–1063
Jeppesen E, Lauridsen TL, Mitchell SF, Christoffersen K, Burns CW
et al (2000a) Trophic structure in the pelagial of 25 shallow New
Zealand lakes: changes along nutrient and fish gradients. J Plankton
Res 22:951–968
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Sondergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus
F (2000b) Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in
Danish lakes: changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshw Biol
45:201–218
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Jensen C, Faafeng B, Hessen DO, Sondergaard
M, Lauridsen T, Brettum P, Christoffersen K (2003) The impact of
nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone
of lakes: a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Arctic.
Ecosystems 6:313–325
Jeppesen E, Sondergaard M, Jensen JP, Havens KE et al (2005) Lake
responses to reduced nutrient loading—an analysis of contemporary data from 35 European and North American long term studies.
Freshw Biol 50:1747–1771
Jeppesen E, Meerhoff M, Jacobson BA, Hansen RS, Sondergaard M,
Jensen JP, Lauridsen TL, Mazzeo N, Branco CWC et al (2007)
Restoration of shallow lakes by nutrient control and biomanipulation—the successful strategy varies with lake size and climate.
Hydrobiologia 581:269–285
Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology
23:399–418
Meerhoff M, Clemente JM, Texiera De Mello F, Iglesias C, Pedersen
AR, Jeppesen E (2007) Can warm climate-related structure of littoral predator assemblages weaken the clear water state in shallow
lakes? Global Change Biol 13:1888–1897
Moss B, Kosten S, Meerhoff M, Battarbee RW, Jeppesen E, Mazzeo N,
Havens K, Lacerot G, Liu Z, De Meester, L, Paerl H, Scheffer M
et al (2011) Allied attack: climate change and eutrophiction. Inland
Waters 1:101–105
Munawar M, Fitzpatrick M, Niblock H, Lorimer J et al (2011) The relative importance of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities in the planktonic food web of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario
2000–2007. Aq Ecos Health Manage 14:21–32
Persson L, Andersson G, Hamrin SF, Johansson L et al (1988) Predator
regulation and primary production along the productivity gradient
of temperate lake ecosystems. In: Carpenter SR (ed) Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer-Verlag, New York
Porter KG, Paerl H, Hodson R, Pace M, Priscu J, Rieman B, Scavia D,
Stockner J et al (1988) Microbial interactions in lake food webs.
In: Carpenter SR (ed) Complex interactions in lake communities.
Springer-Verlag, New York
Riemann B, Sondergaard M (1986) Carbon dynamics in eutrophic temperate lakes. Elsevier, New York
Sayer CD, Davidson TA, Jones JI et al (2010) Seasonal dynamics of
macrophytes and phytoplankton in shallow lakes: a eutrophicationdriven pathway from plants to plankton? Freshw Biol 55:500–513
Scheffer M, Hosper SH, Meijer ML, Moss B, Jeppesen E et al (1993)
Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends Ecol Evol 8:275–279
Shapiro J, Wright DI (1984) Lake restoration by biomanipulation:
Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two years. Freshw Biol 14:371–383
Sherr EB, Sherr BF, Albright LJ et al (1987) Bacteria: link or sink?
Science 235:88
Smith VH, Joye SB, Howarth RW (2006) Eutrophication of freshwater
and marine ecosystems. Limnol Oceanogr 51:351–355
Sommaruga R (1995) Microbial and classical food webs: a visit to a
hypereutrophic lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 17:257–270
6 Lake Eutrophication and Plankton Food Webs
is of greater importance for reversal of eutrophication. Although this situation is now restricted to the subtropics, with
global warming, the same challenges could migrate northward into temperate lakes (Moss et al. 2011).
References
Allen MS, Hoyer MV, Canfield DE et al (2000) Factors related to gizzard shad and threadfin shad occurrence and abundance in Florida
lakes. J Fish Biol 57:291–302
Auer B, Elzer U, Arndt H et al (2004) Comparison of pelagic food webs
in lakes along a trophic gradient and with seasonal aspects: influence of resource and predation. J Plankton Res 26:697–709
Azam F, Fenchel T, Field JG et al (1983) The ecological role of water
column microbes in the sea. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 10:257–263
Bays JS, Crisman TL (1983) Zooplankton and trophic state relationships in Florida lakes. Can J Fish Aquatic Sci 40:1813–1819
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR, Cochran PA, Elser JJ, Elser
MM, Lodge DM, Kretchmer D, He X, von Ende CN et al (1987)
Regulation of lake ecosystem primary productivity by food web
structure in whole-lake experiments. Ecology 68:1863–1876
Crisman TL, Beaver JR (1990) Applicability of biomanipulation
for managing eutrophication in the subtropics. Hydrobiology
200:177–181
Cole JJ, Findlay S, Pace ML et al (1988) Bacterial production in fresh
and saltwater ecosystems: a cross-system overview. Mar Ecol Prog
Ser 43:1–10
Conley DJ, Paerl HW, Howarth RW, Boesch DF, Seitzinger SP, Havens
KE, Lancelot C, Likens GE et al (2009) Controlling eutrophication:
nitrogen and phosphorus. Science 323:1014–1015
Downing JA, Watson SB, McCauley E et al (2001) Predicting cyanobacteria dominance in lakes. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 58:1905–1908
Ducklow HW, Purdie DA, Williams PJL, Davis JM et al (1986) Bacterioplankton: a sink for carbon in a coastal marine plankton community. Science 232:865–867
Gliwicz ZM (1969) Studies on the feeding of pelagic zooplankton in
lakes of varying trophy. Ekol Pol 17:663–708
Hart RC (2011) Zooplankton biomass to chlorophyll ratios in relation
to trophic status within and between ten South African reservoirs:
causal inferences, and implications for biomanipulation. Water SA
37:513–521
Havens KE, East TL, Beaver JR et al (1996) Experimental studies of zooplankton-phytoplankton-nutrient interactions in a large
subtropical lake (Lake Okeechobee, Florida, USA). Freshw Biol
36:579–597
Havens KE, Work KA, East TL et al (2000) Relative efficiencies of carbon transfer from bacteria and algae to zooplankton in a subtropical
lake. J Plankton Res 22:1801–1809
Havens KE, Jin KR, Rodusky AJ, Sharfstein B, Brady MA, East TL,
Iricanin N, James RT, Harwell MC, Steinman AD (2001) Hurricane
effects on a shallow lake ecosystem and its response to a controlled
manipulation of water level. ScientificWorldJournal 1:44–70
Havens KE, Beaver JR, East TL et al (2007) Plankton biomass partitioning in a eutrophic subtropical lake: comparison with results
from temperate lake ecosystems. J Plankton Res 29:1087–1097
Havens KE, Elia AC, Taticchi MI, Fulton RS et al (2009) Zooplantktonphytoplankton relationships in shallow subtropical lakes Apopka
(Florida, USA) and Trasimeno (Umbria, Italy). Hydrobiologia
628:165–175
Hillbricht-Ilkowska A (1977) Trophic relations and energy flow in
pelagic plankton. Pol Ecol Stud 3:3–98
Iglesias C, Mazzeo N, Goyenola G, Fosalba C, Teixeira De Mello F,
Garcia S, Jeppesen E (2008) Field and experimental evidence of the
effect of Jenynsiamultidentata, a small omnivorous-planktivorous
fish, on the size distribution of zooplankton in subtropical lakes.
Freshw Biol 53:1797–1807
James C, Fisher J, Russel V, Collings S, Moss B et al (2005) Nitrate
availability and hydrophyte species richness in shallow lakes.
Freshw Biol 50:1059–1063
Jeppesen E, Lauridsen TL, Mitchell SF, Christoffersen K, Burns CW
et al (2000a) Trophic structure in the pelagial of 25 shallow New
Zealand lakes: changes along nutrient and fish gradients. J Plankton
Res 22:951–968
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Sondergaard M, Lauridsen T, Landkildehus
F (2000b) Trophic structure, species richness and biodiversity in
Danish lakes: changes along a phosphorus gradient. Freshw Biol
45:201–218
Jeppesen E, Jensen JP, Jensen C, Faafeng B, Hessen DO, Sondergaard
M, Lauridsen T, Brettum P, Christoffersen K (2003) The impact of
nutrient state and lake depth on top-down control in the pelagic zone
of lakes: a study of 466 lakes from the temperate zone to the Arctic.
Ecosystems 6:313–325
Jeppesen E, Sondergaard M, Jensen JP, Havens KE et al (2005) Lake
responses to reduced nutrient loading—an analysis of contemporary data from 35 European and North American long term studies.
Freshw Biol 50:1747–1771
Jeppesen E, Meerhoff M, Jacobson BA, Hansen RS, Sondergaard M,
Jensen JP, Lauridsen TL, Mazzeo N, Branco CWC et al (2007)
Restoration of shallow lakes by nutrient control and biomanipulation—the successful strategy varies with lake size and climate.
Hydrobiologia 581:269–285
Lindeman RL (1942) The trophic-dynamic aspect of ecology. Ecology
23:399–418
Meerhoff M, Clemente JM, Texiera De Mello F, Iglesias C, Pedersen
AR, Jeppesen E (2007) Can warm climate-related structure of littoral predator assemblages weaken the clear water state in shallow
lakes? Global Change Biol 13:1888–1897
Moss B, Kosten S, Meerhoff M, Battarbee RW, Jeppesen E, Mazzeo N,
Havens K, Lacerot G, Liu Z, De Meester, L, Paerl H, Scheffer M
et al (2011) Allied attack: climate change and eutrophiction. Inland
Waters 1:101–105
Munawar M, Fitzpatrick M, Niblock H, Lorimer J et al (2011) The relative importance of autotrophic and heterotrophic microbial communities in the planktonic food web of the Bay of Quinte, Lake Ontario
2000–2007. Aq Ecos Health Manage 14:21–32
Persson L, Andersson G, Hamrin SF, Johansson L et al (1988) Predator
regulation and primary production along the productivity gradient
of temperate lake ecosystems. In: Carpenter SR (ed) Complex interactions in lake communities. Springer-Verlag, New York
Porter KG, Paerl H, Hodson R, Pace M, Priscu J, Rieman B, Scavia D,
Stockner J et al (1988) Microbial interactions in lake food webs.
In: Carpenter SR (ed) Complex interactions in lake communities.
Springer-Verlag, New York
Riemann B, Sondergaard M (1986) Carbon dynamics in eutrophic temperate lakes. Elsevier, New York
Sayer CD, Davidson TA, Jones JI et al (2010) Seasonal dynamics of
macrophytes and phytoplankton in shallow lakes: a eutrophicationdriven pathway from plants to plankton? Freshw Biol 55:500–513
Scheffer M, Hosper SH, Meijer ML, Moss B, Jeppesen E et al (1993)
Alternative equilibria in shallow lakes. Trends Ecol Evol 8:275–279
Shapiro J, Wright DI (1984) Lake restoration by biomanipulation:
Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two years. Freshw Biol 14:371–383
Sherr EB, Sherr BF, Albright LJ et al (1987) Bacteria: link or sink?
Science 235:88
Smith VH, Joye SB, Howarth RW (2006) Eutrophication of freshwater
and marine ecosystems. Limnol Oceanogr 51:351–355
Sommaruga R (1995) Microbial and classical food webs: a visit to a
hypereutrophic lake. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 17:257–270