v
Preface.
Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel Prizes—one for Peace and
one for Science
John F. Kennedy
Water is an indispensable resource and essential life supporting factor. On the hydrological
map of the world, eutrophication is one of the great issues causing degradation of these freshwater ecosystems. The excessive nutrient enrichment of waters results in change of oligotrophic water bodies to mesotrophic, eutrophic and finally to hypertrophic. The major nutrient
sources for enrichment of aquatic ecosystems are sewage, household detergents, industrial discharges, runoff from agriculture, construction sites, and urban areas. Eutrophication is a threat
for water used in fisheries, recreation, industry, and drinking as it causes the increased growth
of cyanobacteria and aquatic macrophytes resulting in low oxygen, death, and decomposition
of aquatic flora and fauna. Thousands of lakes and reservoir estuaries and wetland around the
globe near the large population centers has been deteriorating due to rising nutrient levels and
other chemical pollutants causing changes in their ecological structure and function. Eutrophication can be minimized by reducing nutrient use in fertilizers and household detergents. The
economic analysis is urgently required and devising some policies to make desired changes in
agricultural practices is needed to control the eutrophication. The improved soil management
practices, treatments of water, mathematical models, and bioremediation are some of the effective tools to combat eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. The public awareness and education
on eutrophication also play an important role in preventing the eutrophication of water bodies.
The consequence of man-made eutrophication of freshwaters is severe deterioration of
water quality which is now a big matter of interest for the scientific community. The research
in this field has suddenly increased in last few years and many books, research papers, reviews,
and articles which dealt with eutrophication and related management issues have been published so far. In this series of publications, we have taken the task to publish the second volume
of the book “Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control” after the successful publication of its first volume in 2011. Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control Volume-II
covers a collection of 18 chapters written by 44 experts. The book presents the latest literature and research findings on eutrophication. The chapters from this book provide complete
information on the topic of eutrophication and its related areas. It can be a resourceful guide
suited for scholars and researchers. Chapter 1 will give general information including definitions, drivers, environmental conditions, and the control measures of eutrophication. Chapter 2
highlights the changes in the delicate balance between seasonal, spatial, and littoral dynamics,
and the resulting biogeochemical changes in the eutrophic water bodies. Chapter 3 deals with
impacts of eutrophication on the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystem. Chapter 4
focuses on the economics related to eutrophication and its control measures. Chapter 5 covers
the cultural eutrophication in lakes leading to the degradation of water quality and depletion of
aquatic biodiversity. Chapter 6 deals with the structure and components of the food webs and
trophic links between them in eutrophic lakes.
Chapter 7 focuses on anthropogenic perturbations on freshwater ecosystems as a consequence of tourism. The lakes, ponds, and other freshwater reservoirs are the places of attraction for the public which causes touristic impacts on the reservoirs especially in terms of
Preface.
Anyone who can solve the problems of water will be worthy of two Nobel Prizes—one for Peace and
one for Science
John F. Kennedy
Water is an indispensable resource and essential life supporting factor. On the hydrological
map of the world, eutrophication is one of the great issues causing degradation of these freshwater ecosystems. The excessive nutrient enrichment of waters results in change of oligotrophic water bodies to mesotrophic, eutrophic and finally to hypertrophic. The major nutrient
sources for enrichment of aquatic ecosystems are sewage, household detergents, industrial discharges, runoff from agriculture, construction sites, and urban areas. Eutrophication is a threat
for water used in fisheries, recreation, industry, and drinking as it causes the increased growth
of cyanobacteria and aquatic macrophytes resulting in low oxygen, death, and decomposition
of aquatic flora and fauna. Thousands of lakes and reservoir estuaries and wetland around the
globe near the large population centers has been deteriorating due to rising nutrient levels and
other chemical pollutants causing changes in their ecological structure and function. Eutrophication can be minimized by reducing nutrient use in fertilizers and household detergents. The
economic analysis is urgently required and devising some policies to make desired changes in
agricultural practices is needed to control the eutrophication. The improved soil management
practices, treatments of water, mathematical models, and bioremediation are some of the effective tools to combat eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems. The public awareness and education
on eutrophication also play an important role in preventing the eutrophication of water bodies.
The consequence of man-made eutrophication of freshwaters is severe deterioration of
water quality which is now a big matter of interest for the scientific community. The research
in this field has suddenly increased in last few years and many books, research papers, reviews,
and articles which dealt with eutrophication and related management issues have been published so far. In this series of publications, we have taken the task to publish the second volume
of the book “Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control” after the successful publication of its first volume in 2011. Eutrophication: Causes, Consequences and Control Volume-II
covers a collection of 18 chapters written by 44 experts. The book presents the latest literature and research findings on eutrophication. The chapters from this book provide complete
information on the topic of eutrophication and its related areas. It can be a resourceful guide
suited for scholars and researchers. Chapter 1 will give general information including definitions, drivers, environmental conditions, and the control measures of eutrophication. Chapter 2
highlights the changes in the delicate balance between seasonal, spatial, and littoral dynamics,
and the resulting biogeochemical changes in the eutrophic water bodies. Chapter 3 deals with
impacts of eutrophication on the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystem. Chapter 4
focuses on the economics related to eutrophication and its control measures. Chapter 5 covers
the cultural eutrophication in lakes leading to the degradation of water quality and depletion of
aquatic biodiversity. Chapter 6 deals with the structure and components of the food webs and
trophic links between them in eutrophic lakes.
Chapter 7 focuses on anthropogenic perturbations on freshwater ecosystems as a consequence of tourism. The lakes, ponds, and other freshwater reservoirs are the places of attraction for the public which causes touristic impacts on the reservoirs especially in terms of