14
interaction in the sediments of a boreal eutrophic lake. Biogeochemistry 65:83–103
Likens GE, Wright RF, Galloway J.N et al (1979) Acid rain. Sci Am
241:43–51
Litke DW (1999) Review of phosphorus control measures in the US
and their effects on water quality. National water quality assessment
program: water-resources investigations report. Report nr 99–4007
Lowrance RR, Leonard RA, Asmussen LE et al (1985) Nutrient budgets for agricultural watersheds in the southeastern coastal plain.
Ecol 66:287–296
Mallin MA, Paerl HW, Rudek J et al (1993) Regulation of estuarine
primary production by watershed rainfall and river flow. Marine Ecol
Progress Series 93:199–203
Matson PA, Parton WJ, Power AG et al (1997) Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277:504–509
Mazumder A (1994) Phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships under contrasting herbivory and thermal stratification: predictions and patterns. Canadian J Fisheries Aquatic Sci 51:401–407
Mee L (2006) Reviving dead zones. Sci Am 295:79–85
Howarth R, Ramakrrshna K (2005) Nutrient management. In: Chopra
K, Leemans R, Kumar P, Simons H (eds) Ecosystems and human
wellbeing: policy responses, vol 3. Island Press, Washington, DC,
pp. 295-311 (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA))
Mishima S (2001) Recent trend of nitrogen flow associated with agricultural production in Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 47:157–166
Mosier AR (2001) Exchange of gaseous nitrogen compounds between
agricultural systems and the atmosphere. Plant Soil 228:17–27
National Research Council (1993) Managing wastewater in coastal
urban areas. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Niwa K, Yamaiaki T, Aizawa T (1997) Current control for restoring
reservoir water quality. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin 21:170–182
Nixon SW, Pilson MQ (1983) Nitrogen in estuarine and coastal marine
ecosystems. In: Carpenter EJ, Capone DG (eds) Nitrogen in the
marine environment. Academic Press, New York, pp 565–648
Noemi R, Moshe A, Gideon O (2004) A pilot study of constructed wetlands using duckweed ( Lemna gibba L.) for treatment of domestic
primary effluent in Israel. Water Res 38:2241–2248
OECD/IUCN (1996) Guidelines for aid agencies for improved conservation and sustainable use of tropical and sub-tropical wetlands.
OECD, Paris
Paerl HW (1995) Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric
nitrogen deposition: current perspectives. Ophelia 41:237–259
Park K, Jung H, Kim HS et al (2005) Three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model (HEM-3D): application to Kwang-Yang
Bay, Korea. Mar Environ Res 60:171–193
Petrucio MM, Esteves FA (2000) Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eicchornia crassipes and Sylvania auriculata.
Rev. Bras. Biol 60: 229–236
Pionke HB, Gburek WJ, Sharpley AN et al (1997) Hydrologic and
chemical controls on phosphorus loss from catchments. In: Tunney
H, Carton OT, Brookes PC, Johnston AE (eds) Phosphorus loss from
soil to water. CAB International, New York
Proulx M, Pick FR, Mazumder A et al (1996) Effects of nutrients and
planktivorous fish on the phytoplankton of shallow and deep aquatic
ecosystems. Canadian J Fisheries and Aquatic Sci 77:1556–1572
Roberta P (1998) Agricultural Phosphorous and Water Quality: a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Perspective. J Env Qual
27:258–261
Roggiu D, Mosello R, Pizzolon L (1985). Evaluation of nutrient
inputs and of the trophic state of Lago Maggiore in recent decades.
In: Vismarra R, Marforio R, Mezzanotte V, Cernuschi S (eds) Lake
pollution and recovery. Proceedings of the International Congress,
European Water Pollution Control Association. Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria, Sanitaria, pp. 145–153
Ruenglertpanyakul W, Attasat S, Wanichpongpan P (2004) Nutrient
removal from shrimp farm effluent by aquatic plants. Water Sci Technol 50:321–330
Runge-Metzger A (1995) Closing the cycle: obstacles to efficient P
management for improved global security. In: Tiessen H (ed) Phosphorus in the Global Environment: Transfers, Cycles, and Management. Wiley, New York, pp 27–42
Sabine K, Vermaat JE, Veenstra S (2003) The capacity of duckweed
to treat wastewater: ecological considerations for a sound design. J
Environ Qual 32:1583–1590
Schindler DW (1977) Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science 195:260–262
Schindler DW (2006) Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnol Oceanogr 5:356–363
Schroeder PO, Radcliffe DE, Cabrera ML et al (2004) Relationship
between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus in runoff: effects of
soil series variability. J Environ Qual 33:1452–1463
Shapiro J (1979) The need for more biology in lake restoration. In: Shapiro J (ed) Lake restoration (US EPA 440/5-79-001). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, pp. 161–167
Sharpley AN, Chapra SC, Wedepohl R et al (1994) Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: issues and options.
J Environ Quality 23:437–451
Sharpley AN, Kleinman PJA, Wright RJ et al (2001) The national phosphorus project: addressing the interface of agriculture and environmental phosphorus management in the USA (section 2.3. Indicators
for environmental performance). In: Steenvoorden J, Claessen F,
Willems J (eds) Agricultural effects on ground and surface waters:
research at the edge of science and society (publication no. 273).
IAHS Press, Wallingford
Smil V (2001) Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the
transformation of world food. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Smith VH, Joye SB, Howarth RW (2006) Eutrophication of freshwater
and marine ecosystems. Limnol Oceanogr 51:351–355
Smith VH, Schindler DW (2009) Eutrophication science: where do we
go from here? Trends Ecol Evol 24:201–207
Spokes LJ, Jickells TD (2005) Is the atmosphere really an important
source of reactive nitrogen to coastal waters? Continental Shelf Res
25:2022–2035
Steinheimer TR, Scoggin KD, Kramer LA (1998) Agricultural chemical movement through a field-size watershed in lowa: subsurface
hydrology and distribution of nitrate in groundwater. Environ Sci
Technol 32:1039–1047
Stigliani WM, Doelman P, Salomons W et al (1991) Chemical time
bombs. Environment 33:4–30
Strain PM, Hargrave BT (2005) Salmon aquaculture, nutrient fluxes,
and ecosystem processes in southwestern New Brunswick. In: Hargrave BT (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry. Environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture, vol 5 (Water pollution).
Springer, Berlin
Sun XX, Ran KN, Choi JK et al (2004) Screening of surfactants for
harmful algal blooms mitigation. Mar Pollut Bull 48:937–945
Tisdale SL, Nelson WL, Beaton JD et al (1995) Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 176–177
Tunney H (1990) A note on a balance sheet approach to estimating
the phosphorus fertiliser needs of agriculture. Irish J Agric Res
29:149–154
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Woods Hole
Research Center (WHRC). (2007) Reactive nitrogen in the environment: too much or too little of a good thing. UNEP, Paris
United Nations Population Division (2008) World population prospectus: the 2008 revision population database. http://esa.un.org/unpp/
University of Delaware Cooperative Extension (2009) Urea and Nitrogen Volatilization. http://kentagextension.blogspot. com/2009/01/
urea-and-nitrogen-volatilization.html
Vadas PA, Kleinman PJ, Sharpley AN et al (2005) Relating soil phosphorus to dissolved phosphorus in runoff: a single extraction coefficient for water quality modelling. J Environ Qual 34:572–580
M. N. Khan and F. Mohammad
interaction in the sediments of a boreal eutrophic lake. Biogeochemistry 65:83–103
Likens GE, Wright RF, Galloway J.N et al (1979) Acid rain. Sci Am
241:43–51
Litke DW (1999) Review of phosphorus control measures in the US
and their effects on water quality. National water quality assessment
program: water-resources investigations report. Report nr 99–4007
Lowrance RR, Leonard RA, Asmussen LE et al (1985) Nutrient budgets for agricultural watersheds in the southeastern coastal plain.
Ecol 66:287–296
Mallin MA, Paerl HW, Rudek J et al (1993) Regulation of estuarine
primary production by watershed rainfall and river flow. Marine Ecol
Progress Series 93:199–203
Matson PA, Parton WJ, Power AG et al (1997) Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties. Science 277:504–509
Mazumder A (1994) Phosphorus-chlorophyll relationships under contrasting herbivory and thermal stratification: predictions and patterns. Canadian J Fisheries Aquatic Sci 51:401–407
Mee L (2006) Reviving dead zones. Sci Am 295:79–85
Howarth R, Ramakrrshna K (2005) Nutrient management. In: Chopra
K, Leemans R, Kumar P, Simons H (eds) Ecosystems and human
wellbeing: policy responses, vol 3. Island Press, Washington, DC,
pp. 295-311 (Millennium Ecosystem Assessment (MA))
Mishima S (2001) Recent trend of nitrogen flow associated with agricultural production in Japan. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 47:157–166
Mosier AR (2001) Exchange of gaseous nitrogen compounds between
agricultural systems and the atmosphere. Plant Soil 228:17–27
National Research Council (1993) Managing wastewater in coastal
urban areas. National Academy Press, Washington, DC
Niwa K, Yamaiaki T, Aizawa T (1997) Current control for restoring
reservoir water quality. Acta Hydrobiol. Sin 21:170–182
Nixon SW, Pilson MQ (1983) Nitrogen in estuarine and coastal marine
ecosystems. In: Carpenter EJ, Capone DG (eds) Nitrogen in the
marine environment. Academic Press, New York, pp 565–648
Noemi R, Moshe A, Gideon O (2004) A pilot study of constructed wetlands using duckweed ( Lemna gibba L.) for treatment of domestic
primary effluent in Israel. Water Res 38:2241–2248
OECD/IUCN (1996) Guidelines for aid agencies for improved conservation and sustainable use of tropical and sub-tropical wetlands.
OECD, Paris
Paerl HW (1995) Coastal eutrophication in relation to atmospheric
nitrogen deposition: current perspectives. Ophelia 41:237–259
Park K, Jung H, Kim HS et al (2005) Three-dimensional hydrodynamic-eutrophication model (HEM-3D): application to Kwang-Yang
Bay, Korea. Mar Environ Res 60:171–193
Petrucio MM, Esteves FA (2000) Uptake rates of nitrogen and phosphorus in the water by Eicchornia crassipes and Sylvania auriculata.
Rev. Bras. Biol 60: 229–236
Pionke HB, Gburek WJ, Sharpley AN et al (1997) Hydrologic and
chemical controls on phosphorus loss from catchments. In: Tunney
H, Carton OT, Brookes PC, Johnston AE (eds) Phosphorus loss from
soil to water. CAB International, New York
Proulx M, Pick FR, Mazumder A et al (1996) Effects of nutrients and
planktivorous fish on the phytoplankton of shallow and deep aquatic
ecosystems. Canadian J Fisheries and Aquatic Sci 77:1556–1572
Roberta P (1998) Agricultural Phosphorous and Water Quality: a
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Perspective. J Env Qual
27:258–261
Roggiu D, Mosello R, Pizzolon L (1985). Evaluation of nutrient
inputs and of the trophic state of Lago Maggiore in recent decades.
In: Vismarra R, Marforio R, Mezzanotte V, Cernuschi S (eds) Lake
pollution and recovery. Proceedings of the International Congress,
European Water Pollution Control Association. Associazione Nazionale di Ingegneria, Sanitaria, pp. 145–153
Ruenglertpanyakul W, Attasat S, Wanichpongpan P (2004) Nutrient
removal from shrimp farm effluent by aquatic plants. Water Sci Technol 50:321–330
Runge-Metzger A (1995) Closing the cycle: obstacles to efficient P
management for improved global security. In: Tiessen H (ed) Phosphorus in the Global Environment: Transfers, Cycles, and Management. Wiley, New York, pp 27–42
Sabine K, Vermaat JE, Veenstra S (2003) The capacity of duckweed
to treat wastewater: ecological considerations for a sound design. J
Environ Qual 32:1583–1590
Schindler DW (1977) Evolution of phosphorus limitation in lakes. Science 195:260–262
Schindler DW (2006) Recent advances in the understanding and management of eutrophication. Limnol Oceanogr 5:356–363
Schroeder PO, Radcliffe DE, Cabrera ML et al (2004) Relationship
between soil test phosphorus and phosphorus in runoff: effects of
soil series variability. J Environ Qual 33:1452–1463
Shapiro J (1979) The need for more biology in lake restoration. In: Shapiro J (ed) Lake restoration (US EPA 440/5-79-001). US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, pp. 161–167
Sharpley AN, Chapra SC, Wedepohl R et al (1994) Managing agricultural phosphorus for protection of surface waters: issues and options.
J Environ Quality 23:437–451
Sharpley AN, Kleinman PJA, Wright RJ et al (2001) The national phosphorus project: addressing the interface of agriculture and environmental phosphorus management in the USA (section 2.3. Indicators
for environmental performance). In: Steenvoorden J, Claessen F,
Willems J (eds) Agricultural effects on ground and surface waters:
research at the edge of science and society (publication no. 273).
IAHS Press, Wallingford
Smil V (2001) Enriching the Earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the
transformation of world food. The MIT Press, Cambridge
Smith VH, Joye SB, Howarth RW (2006) Eutrophication of freshwater
and marine ecosystems. Limnol Oceanogr 51:351–355
Smith VH, Schindler DW (2009) Eutrophication science: where do we
go from here? Trends Ecol Evol 24:201–207
Spokes LJ, Jickells TD (2005) Is the atmosphere really an important
source of reactive nitrogen to coastal waters? Continental Shelf Res
25:2022–2035
Steinheimer TR, Scoggin KD, Kramer LA (1998) Agricultural chemical movement through a field-size watershed in lowa: subsurface
hydrology and distribution of nitrate in groundwater. Environ Sci
Technol 32:1039–1047
Stigliani WM, Doelman P, Salomons W et al (1991) Chemical time
bombs. Environment 33:4–30
Strain PM, Hargrave BT (2005) Salmon aquaculture, nutrient fluxes,
and ecosystem processes in southwestern New Brunswick. In: Hargrave BT (ed) The handbook of environmental chemistry. Environmental effects of marine finfish aquaculture, vol 5 (Water pollution).
Springer, Berlin
Sun XX, Ran KN, Choi JK et al (2004) Screening of surfactants for
harmful algal blooms mitigation. Mar Pollut Bull 48:937–945
Tisdale SL, Nelson WL, Beaton JD et al (1995) Soil fertility and fertilizers. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi, pp. 176–177
Tunney H (1990) A note on a balance sheet approach to estimating
the phosphorus fertiliser needs of agriculture. Irish J Agric Res
29:149–154
United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) and Woods Hole
Research Center (WHRC). (2007) Reactive nitrogen in the environment: too much or too little of a good thing. UNEP, Paris
United Nations Population Division (2008) World population prospectus: the 2008 revision population database. http://esa.un.org/unpp/
University of Delaware Cooperative Extension (2009) Urea and Nitrogen Volatilization. http://kentagextension.blogspot. com/2009/01/
urea-and-nitrogen-volatilization.html
Vadas PA, Kleinman PJ, Sharpley AN et al (2005) Relating soil phosphorus to dissolved phosphorus in runoff: a single extraction coefficient for water quality modelling. J Environ Qual 34:572–580
M. N. Khan and F. Mohammad