187
13 Estimating Fish Production in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil): The Relationship Between Fish Trophic Guilds, Limnology …
ent any controlling effect on the densities of zooplankton,
and their development was positively related to cyanobacteria, indicating growth of the latter. The Prochilodus lineatus
was the only species to compose the iliophagous group, having a positive effect regarding chlorophyll-a, and the concentrations of the latter increased with the increase of iliophagous fish biomass.
Omnivores and detritivores were the trophic guild groups
that showed a controlling effect on the cyanobacteria and
chlorophyll-a, indicating that when these groups of fish increase, they reduce primary productivity in the reservoir.
The piscivores may be presenting a negative effect on water
quality of the Itaipu Reservoir, in which the control effect is
exercised by the biomass of omnivores and detritivores.
The fish yield was estimated by the relation with cyanobacteria concentration, and this was the variable that best explained this prediction, in 68 %. The use of the MEI, with the
recorded catch data, can generate predictive models that estimate the fishing yield in the Itaipu Reservoir. The relations
of MEI with chlorophyll-a and water transparency indicate
that this index may be a good predicting factor for future fish
captures.
Acknowledgments This paper is part of a PhD thesis reported by the
main author. We would like to thank CAPES for the financial support
and CRHEA for the use of facilities. We thank Itaipu Binacional for
making available the data that were used in this work.
References
Abujanra F, Agostinho AA (2002) Dieta de Hypophtalmus edentatus
(Spix 1829) (Osteichthyes, Hypophtalmidae) e variações de seu
estoque no reservatório de Itaipu. Acta Scientia 24(2):401–410
Agostinho AA, Gomes LC (2005) O manejo da pesca em Reservatórios
da Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná: avaliação e perspectivas. In: Nogueira
MG, Henry R, Jorcin A (eds) Ecologia de Reservatórios. Ed. Rima,
São Carlos, p 459
Agostinho AA, Ferreira VS, Júlio JRHF, Minte-Vera CV, Oliveira EF,
Okada EK, Pagioro TA, Roberto MC, Suzuki HI, Thomaz SM, Abujanra F (1997a) Variações espaço-temporais na ictiofauna e suas
relações com as condições limnológicas no reservatório de Itaipu.
Relatório Anual. Maringá. p 330
Agostinho AA, Julio JRHF, Gomes LC, Bini LM, Agostinho CS
(1997b) Composição, abundância e distribuição espaço-temporal
da ictiofauna. In: Vazzoler AEAM, Agostinho AA, Hahn NS (eds) A
Planície de Inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos físicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos. EDUEM, Maringá, . p 179–208
Agostinho AA, Okada EK, Gregoris J (1999) A pesca no Reservatório
de Itaipu: Aspectos sócio-econômicos e impactos do represamento
In: Henry R (ed) Ecologia de reservatórios: estrutura, função e
aspectos sociais. FUNDIBIO/FAPSP p 800
Anderson G, Granéli W, Stenson J (1988) The influence of animals on
phosphorus cycling in lake ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 170:267–284
Andrade LF, Brunkow RF, Xavier CF, Domingues LL (1988) Fitoplâncton e características físico-químicas do reservatório de Itaipu.
In: Tundisi JG (ed) Limnologia e Manejo de Represas. Série: Monografias em Limnologia, volume 1 (tomo 1)
APHA (Americam Public Health Association). (1985). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 16 th ed. APHA,
Washington p 1134
Arcifa MS, Northcote TG, Froehlich O (1986) Fish-zooplankton interactions and their effects on water quality of a tropical Brazilian reservoir. Hydrobiologia 139:49–58
Arcifa MS, Starling FLR, Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Lazzaro XT (1995)
Experimental limnology. In: Tundisi JG, Bicudo CEM, MatsumuraTundisi T (eds) Limnology in Brazil. ACB/SBL, RJ, p 257–281
Baca RM, Drenner RW (1995) Do the effects of piscivorous largemouth bass cascade to the plankton? Hydrobiologia 316:139–151
Bell T, Neill WE, Schluter D (2003) The effect of temporal scale on the
outcome of trophic cascade experiments. Oecologia 134:578–586
Benndorf J, Böing W, Koop J, Neubauer I (2002) Top-down control of
phytoplankton: the role of time scale, lake depth and trophic state.
Freshw Biol 47:2282–2295
Bini lm (2003) Monitoramento da qualidade da água no reservatório
de Itaipu. Relatório Final- AS CT/0044/2002- Itaipu Bionacional.
Junho p 34
Blancher EC (1984) Zooplankton-trophic relationship in some north
and central Florida lakes. Hydrobiologia 109:251–263
Borghetti JR, Agostinho AA, Nakatani K (1988) Administração
Pesqueira no reservatório de Itaipu. In: Tundisi JG (ed) Limnologia e Manejo de Represas. Série: Monografias em Limnologia, volume 1 (tomo 2)
Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Shurin JB, Anderson KE, Blanchette CA,
Broitman B, Cooper SD, Halpern BS (2005) What determines the
strength of a trophic cascade? Ecology 86(2):528–537
Bouvy M, Franca LB, Carmouze JP (1998) Compartimento microbiano
no meio pelágico de sete açudes do Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil).
Acta Limnol Brasil 10:93–101
Brabrand A, Faafeng B, Nilssen JPM (1990) Relative importance of
phosphorus supply to phytoplankton production: fish excretion versus external loading. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:364–372
Brett MT, Goldman CR (1996) A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. Proc Nation Acad Sci USA 93:7723–7726
Brett MT, Goldman CR (1997) Consumer versus resource control in
freshwater pelagic food webs. Science 275:354–386
Brooks JL, Dodson SI (1965) Predation, body size and composition of
plankton. Science 150:28–35
Calijuri MC, Tundisi JG (1990) Limnologia Comparada das Represas
do Lobo (Broa) e Barra Bonita – Estado de São Paulo: Mecanismos
de Funcionamento e Bases para o Gerenciamento. Rev Brasil Biol
50(4):893–913
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF (1988) Consumer control of lake productivity. BioScience 38:764–769
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF (1993) The Trophic Cascade in lakes. Cambridge University Press: pp 383
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR (1985) Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity fish predation and herbivory can regulate ecosystems. Bioscince 35:634–639
Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Hodgson JR, Kitchell JF, Pace ML, Bade D,
Cottingham KL, Essington TE, Houser JN, Schindler AE (2001)
Trophic cascades, nutrients, and lake productivity: whole-lake
experiments. Ecol Monogr 71(2):163–186
CETESB (2006) Parâmetros para análise da qualidade de água. Disponível em: http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/Agua/rios/variáveis.asp.
Acesso em 08 jun. 2006
Davies WD (1972) Progress report n fisheries development in Northeastern. II Reservoir fisheries on Northeastern Brazil. Inter cent
Aquacul Res Develop 2:1–17
De bernardi R, Giussani G (2001) Diretrizes para o gerenciamento de
Lagos. Volume 7 – Biomanipulação para o gerenciamento de Lagos
e Reservatórios 221 pp
Demelo R, France R, Mcqueen JD (1992) Biomanipulation: Hit or
myth? Limnol Oceanogr 37(1):192–207
13 Estimating Fish Production in the Itaipu Reservoir (Brazil): The Relationship Between Fish Trophic Guilds, Limnology …
ent any controlling effect on the densities of zooplankton,
and their development was positively related to cyanobacteria, indicating growth of the latter. The Prochilodus lineatus
was the only species to compose the iliophagous group, having a positive effect regarding chlorophyll-a, and the concentrations of the latter increased with the increase of iliophagous fish biomass.
Omnivores and detritivores were the trophic guild groups
that showed a controlling effect on the cyanobacteria and
chlorophyll-a, indicating that when these groups of fish increase, they reduce primary productivity in the reservoir.
The piscivores may be presenting a negative effect on water
quality of the Itaipu Reservoir, in which the control effect is
exercised by the biomass of omnivores and detritivores.
The fish yield was estimated by the relation with cyanobacteria concentration, and this was the variable that best explained this prediction, in 68 %. The use of the MEI, with the
recorded catch data, can generate predictive models that estimate the fishing yield in the Itaipu Reservoir. The relations
of MEI with chlorophyll-a and water transparency indicate
that this index may be a good predicting factor for future fish
captures.
Acknowledgments This paper is part of a PhD thesis reported by the
main author. We would like to thank CAPES for the financial support
and CRHEA for the use of facilities. We thank Itaipu Binacional for
making available the data that were used in this work.
References
Abujanra F, Agostinho AA (2002) Dieta de Hypophtalmus edentatus
(Spix 1829) (Osteichthyes, Hypophtalmidae) e variações de seu
estoque no reservatório de Itaipu. Acta Scientia 24(2):401–410
Agostinho AA, Gomes LC (2005) O manejo da pesca em Reservatórios
da Bacia do Alto Rio Paraná: avaliação e perspectivas. In: Nogueira
MG, Henry R, Jorcin A (eds) Ecologia de Reservatórios. Ed. Rima,
São Carlos, p 459
Agostinho AA, Ferreira VS, Júlio JRHF, Minte-Vera CV, Oliveira EF,
Okada EK, Pagioro TA, Roberto MC, Suzuki HI, Thomaz SM, Abujanra F (1997a) Variações espaço-temporais na ictiofauna e suas
relações com as condições limnológicas no reservatório de Itaipu.
Relatório Anual. Maringá. p 330
Agostinho AA, Julio JRHF, Gomes LC, Bini LM, Agostinho CS
(1997b) Composição, abundância e distribuição espaço-temporal
da ictiofauna. In: Vazzoler AEAM, Agostinho AA, Hahn NS (eds) A
Planície de Inundação do Alto Rio Paraná: aspectos físicos, biológicos e socioeconômicos. EDUEM, Maringá, . p 179–208
Agostinho AA, Okada EK, Gregoris J (1999) A pesca no Reservatório
de Itaipu: Aspectos sócio-econômicos e impactos do represamento
In: Henry R (ed) Ecologia de reservatórios: estrutura, função e
aspectos sociais. FUNDIBIO/FAPSP p 800
Anderson G, Granéli W, Stenson J (1988) The influence of animals on
phosphorus cycling in lake ecosystems. Hydrobiologia 170:267–284
Andrade LF, Brunkow RF, Xavier CF, Domingues LL (1988) Fitoplâncton e características físico-químicas do reservatório de Itaipu.
In: Tundisi JG (ed) Limnologia e Manejo de Represas. Série: Monografias em Limnologia, volume 1 (tomo 1)
APHA (Americam Public Health Association). (1985). Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 16 th ed. APHA,
Washington p 1134
Arcifa MS, Northcote TG, Froehlich O (1986) Fish-zooplankton interactions and their effects on water quality of a tropical Brazilian reservoir. Hydrobiologia 139:49–58
Arcifa MS, Starling FLR, Sipaúba-Tavares LH, Lazzaro XT (1995)
Experimental limnology. In: Tundisi JG, Bicudo CEM, MatsumuraTundisi T (eds) Limnology in Brazil. ACB/SBL, RJ, p 257–281
Baca RM, Drenner RW (1995) Do the effects of piscivorous largemouth bass cascade to the plankton? Hydrobiologia 316:139–151
Bell T, Neill WE, Schluter D (2003) The effect of temporal scale on the
outcome of trophic cascade experiments. Oecologia 134:578–586
Benndorf J, Böing W, Koop J, Neubauer I (2002) Top-down control of
phytoplankton: the role of time scale, lake depth and trophic state.
Freshw Biol 47:2282–2295
Bini lm (2003) Monitoramento da qualidade da água no reservatório
de Itaipu. Relatório Final- AS CT/0044/2002- Itaipu Bionacional.
Junho p 34
Blancher EC (1984) Zooplankton-trophic relationship in some north
and central Florida lakes. Hydrobiologia 109:251–263
Borghetti JR, Agostinho AA, Nakatani K (1988) Administração
Pesqueira no reservatório de Itaipu. In: Tundisi JG (ed) Limnologia e Manejo de Represas. Série: Monografias em Limnologia, volume 1 (tomo 2)
Borer ET, Seabloom EW, Shurin JB, Anderson KE, Blanchette CA,
Broitman B, Cooper SD, Halpern BS (2005) What determines the
strength of a trophic cascade? Ecology 86(2):528–537
Bouvy M, Franca LB, Carmouze JP (1998) Compartimento microbiano
no meio pelágico de sete açudes do Estado de Pernambuco (Brasil).
Acta Limnol Brasil 10:93–101
Brabrand A, Faafeng B, Nilssen JPM (1990) Relative importance of
phosphorus supply to phytoplankton production: fish excretion versus external loading. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 47:364–372
Brett MT, Goldman CR (1996) A meta-analysis of the freshwater trophic cascade. Proc Nation Acad Sci USA 93:7723–7726
Brett MT, Goldman CR (1997) Consumer versus resource control in
freshwater pelagic food webs. Science 275:354–386
Brooks JL, Dodson SI (1965) Predation, body size and composition of
plankton. Science 150:28–35
Calijuri MC, Tundisi JG (1990) Limnologia Comparada das Represas
do Lobo (Broa) e Barra Bonita – Estado de São Paulo: Mecanismos
de Funcionamento e Bases para o Gerenciamento. Rev Brasil Biol
50(4):893–913
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF (1988) Consumer control of lake productivity. BioScience 38:764–769
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF (1993) The Trophic Cascade in lakes. Cambridge University Press: pp 383
Carpenter SR, Kitchell JF, Hodgson JR (1985) Cascading trophic interactions and lake productivity fish predation and herbivory can regulate ecosystems. Bioscince 35:634–639
Carpenter SR, Cole JJ, Hodgson JR, Kitchell JF, Pace ML, Bade D,
Cottingham KL, Essington TE, Houser JN, Schindler AE (2001)
Trophic cascades, nutrients, and lake productivity: whole-lake
experiments. Ecol Monogr 71(2):163–186
CETESB (2006) Parâmetros para análise da qualidade de água. Disponível em: http://www.cetesb.sp.gov.br/Agua/rios/variáveis.asp.
Acesso em 08 jun. 2006
Davies WD (1972) Progress report n fisheries development in Northeastern. II Reservoir fisheries on Northeastern Brazil. Inter cent
Aquacul Res Develop 2:1–17
De bernardi R, Giussani G (2001) Diretrizes para o gerenciamento de
Lagos. Volume 7 – Biomanipulação para o gerenciamento de Lagos
e Reservatórios 221 pp
Demelo R, France R, Mcqueen JD (1992) Biomanipulation: Hit or
myth? Limnol Oceanogr 37(1):192–207