407
It should finally be mentioned that this volume highlights, on the whole, the differences
between problem-driven and technology-driven science. A number of papers describe how
analytical techniques could be used to resolve problems, while others report research
demonstrating the validity of proposed approaches. New technologies always bring new
discoveries, which cannot be predicted (e.g., the discovery of prochlorophytes using flow
cytometry; see Olson et al., this volume). These are often exciting, precisely because they
are unexpected. However, it is problem-driven science which generally appeals to most of
the scientific community. In oceanography, however, problem-driven science tends to be staid
primarily because oceanographers focus on questions related to "how much" rather than
"how." If we, as a scientific community, use the analysis of individual cells and particles as
a means of deriving qualitative information about phenomena and processes we know little
about, we shall have taken good advantage of the technology. We should not get bogged down
in numbers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Paul G. Falkowski is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental
Research.
REFERENCES
Biscaye PE, Olsen CR (1976) Suspended particulate concentrations and compositions in the
New York Bight. In: Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and the New York Bight. M.
G. Gross (ed.) Special Symposia Vol. 2. Amer Soc. Limnol. Oceanogr., 124-137
Demers S, Kim J, Legendre P, Legendre L (ms) Analyzing multivariate flow cytometric data
in aquatic sciences
Elmore D, Phillips FM (1987) Accelerator mass spectrometry for measurement of long-lived
radioisotopes. Science 236:543-550
Goldman, JC (1988) Spatial and temporal discontinuities of biological processes in pelagic
surface waters. In: Rothschild B.J. (ed.) Toward a theory on biological-physical
interactions in the world ocean. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 273-296
Hopcroft RR, Roff JC, Berges JA (1990) Size-fractionated sedimentation in a tropical neritic
ecosystem near Kingston, Jamaica. Cont Shelf Res 10:795-806
Iverson, RL (1990) Control of marine fish production. Limnol Oceanogr 35: 1593-1604
Jahnke A, Shimmen T, Hiroko KI, Toshimitsu Y (1981) PIXE trace element analysis of an
aquatic plant as indicator of heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere 10:303-312.
Legendre L (1990) The significance of microalgal blooms for fisheries and for the export of
particulate organic carbon in oceans. J Plankton Res 12:681-699
Legendre L, Yentsch CM (1989) Overview of flow cytometry and image analysis in biological
oceanography and limnology. Cytometry 10:501-510
It should finally be mentioned that this volume highlights, on the whole, the differences
between problem-driven and technology-driven science. A number of papers describe how
analytical techniques could be used to resolve problems, while others report research
demonstrating the validity of proposed approaches. New technologies always bring new
discoveries, which cannot be predicted (e.g., the discovery of prochlorophytes using flow
cytometry; see Olson et al., this volume). These are often exciting, precisely because they
are unexpected. However, it is problem-driven science which generally appeals to most of
the scientific community. In oceanography, however, problem-driven science tends to be staid
primarily because oceanographers focus on questions related to "how much" rather than
"how." If we, as a scientific community, use the analysis of individual cells and particles as
a means of deriving qualitative information about phenomena and processes we know little
about, we shall have taken good advantage of the technology. We should not get bogged down
in numbers.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Paul G. Falkowski is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Health and Environmental
Research.
REFERENCES
Biscaye PE, Olsen CR (1976) Suspended particulate concentrations and compositions in the
New York Bight. In: Middle Atlantic Continental Shelf and the New York Bight. M.
G. Gross (ed.) Special Symposia Vol. 2. Amer Soc. Limnol. Oceanogr., 124-137
Demers S, Kim J, Legendre P, Legendre L (ms) Analyzing multivariate flow cytometric data
in aquatic sciences
Elmore D, Phillips FM (1987) Accelerator mass spectrometry for measurement of long-lived
radioisotopes. Science 236:543-550
Goldman, JC (1988) Spatial and temporal discontinuities of biological processes in pelagic
surface waters. In: Rothschild B.J. (ed.) Toward a theory on biological-physical
interactions in the world ocean. Kluwer, Dordrecht, 273-296
Hopcroft RR, Roff JC, Berges JA (1990) Size-fractionated sedimentation in a tropical neritic
ecosystem near Kingston, Jamaica. Cont Shelf Res 10:795-806
Iverson, RL (1990) Control of marine fish production. Limnol Oceanogr 35: 1593-1604
Jahnke A, Shimmen T, Hiroko KI, Toshimitsu Y (1981) PIXE trace element analysis of an
aquatic plant as indicator of heavy metal pollution. Chemosphere 10:303-312.
Legendre L (1990) The significance of microalgal blooms for fisheries and for the export of
particulate organic carbon in oceans. J Plankton Res 12:681-699
Legendre L, Yentsch CM (1989) Overview of flow cytometry and image analysis in biological
oceanography and limnology. Cytometry 10:501-510