Contents
1
2
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.3.4
3.4
Introduction . . . . . . .
Data and Data Treatment
Derivation of Air-Sea Fluxes
by Parameterisations. .
Net Shortwave Radiation . . .
Net Longwave Radiation . . .
Latent and Sensible Heat Fluxes.
Exchange Coefficients· . . . . .
Systematic Errors of Temperature Observations.
Beaufort Equivalents . . . . . .
Time Dependent Beaufort Scale.
Wind Stress . . . . . . . . . . .
1
1
2
2
5
5
6
6
7
9
10
4
Net Air-Sea Heat Flux
5
6
Part I
and Meridional Heat Transport .
Concluding Remarks.
References . . . . . .
Observations . . . . . .
12
16
17
19
Time-Latitude Diagrams. . . . . . .
21
Annual Cycles at Selected Locations
26
Observation Density. . .
47
Sea Surface Temperature . . . . . .
53
Air Temperature. . . . . . . . . . .
73
Air minus Sea Surface Temperature.
80
Mixing Ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . .
100
Relative Humidity. . . . . . . . . .
120
Air minus Sea Surface Mixing Ratio.
127
Total Cloud Cover. . . .
134
Low Cloud Cover . . . .
149
Precipitation Frequency.
156
Sea Level Air Pressure. .
171
Scalar Wind Speed plus Resultant Wind Vector.
191
East Component of the Wind .
211
North Component of the Wind. . . . . . . . . .
231
Magnitude of Resultant Wind
plus Resultant Wind Vector . .
251
Direction of the Mean Wind Vector .
258
Directional Steadiness of the Wind .
264