30. HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGER SURVEY AND DEVELOPMENTS
FOR SCIENTIFIC AND OPERATIONAL LAND PROCESSES
MONITORING APPLICATIONS
325
considered for scientific mission such as PRISM, while operational missions
such as the Australian ARIES most likely can not afford such data take
losses.
Not shown because of lack of suitable figures is ARIES, for which
CSIRO claims that it shall be launched by the end of 1999. This is a rather
dedicated and purely commercial IS approach, primarily aiming at providing
data for Australian mining companies who also pay for the mission. Its
SWIR part is therefore limited to 2.0 to 2.4
range, see Table 2B, giving
up the tremendous use of the 1.5–1.7
range, e.g., for vegetation status
monitoring. Since the HSI IS test mission on the Lewis small-sat just failed
due to loss of the satellite control, it may be come the first space-borne IS.
5.
OUTLOOK, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
This paper can give a rather general survey of the status of IS
developments and achievements. The main messages and conclusions are:
1. We have established through wisely defined, though not generously
funded contracts, particularly by ESA, the necessary instrument
technology towards advanced pushbroom IS in terms of:
smart optical design and manufacturing capabilities
sophisticated detector array technology, with high demands on the
VNIR CCD's, but emphasis on the SWIR arrays; the HRIS-based
hybrid 2-d CMT technology appears to be promising despite some
problems yet, and still some cost effort is needed to provide a 2-d
butted array with 1024 spatial pixels
the rather demanding analog and digital processing electronics is just
at hand. It is useful up to about 200 Hz line frequencies, or pixel sizes
close to 30 m
sophisticated but elaborate calibration devices have been designed and
partly successfully tested.
2. The least explored ground seems to be the on-ground data processing of
IS data in terms of geometric and essentially radiometric correction
algorithms compared to “classical” multi-spectral imager algorithms.
There are a variety of activities, but a major lack is suitable data: DAIS
and AVIRIS are not representative as whiskbroom instruments, ROSIS
and CASI do not provide SWIR bands – “HyMaS” is our attempt to close
such gaps.
DSS thus invites the attendant user representatives and organizations to
support and join our just initiated HyMaS program, a proposal for the EU
3.
FOR SCIENTIFIC AND OPERATIONAL LAND PROCESSES
MONITORING APPLICATIONS
325
considered for scientific mission such as PRISM, while operational missions
such as the Australian ARIES most likely can not afford such data take
losses.
Not shown because of lack of suitable figures is ARIES, for which
CSIRO claims that it shall be launched by the end of 1999. This is a rather
dedicated and purely commercial IS approach, primarily aiming at providing
data for Australian mining companies who also pay for the mission. Its
SWIR part is therefore limited to 2.0 to 2.4
range, see Table 2B, giving
up the tremendous use of the 1.5–1.7
range, e.g., for vegetation status
monitoring. Since the HSI IS test mission on the Lewis small-sat just failed
due to loss of the satellite control, it may be come the first space-borne IS.
5.
OUTLOOK, DEVELOPMENT TRENDS
This paper can give a rather general survey of the status of IS
developments and achievements. The main messages and conclusions are:
1. We have established through wisely defined, though not generously
funded contracts, particularly by ESA, the necessary instrument
technology towards advanced pushbroom IS in terms of:
smart optical design and manufacturing capabilities
sophisticated detector array technology, with high demands on the
VNIR CCD's, but emphasis on the SWIR arrays; the HRIS-based
hybrid 2-d CMT technology appears to be promising despite some
problems yet, and still some cost effort is needed to provide a 2-d
butted array with 1024 spatial pixels
the rather demanding analog and digital processing electronics is just
at hand. It is useful up to about 200 Hz line frequencies, or pixel sizes
close to 30 m
sophisticated but elaborate calibration devices have been designed and
partly successfully tested.
2. The least explored ground seems to be the on-ground data processing of
IS data in terms of geometric and essentially radiometric correction
algorithms compared to “classical” multi-spectral imager algorithms.
There are a variety of activities, but a major lack is suitable data: DAIS
and AVIRIS are not representative as whiskbroom instruments, ROSIS
and CASI do not provide SWIR bands – “HyMaS” is our attempt to close
such gaps.
DSS thus invites the attendant user representatives and organizations to
support and join our just initiated HyMaS program, a proposal for the EU
3.